可能减轻自闭症谱系障碍的膳食营养素以及对儿童和孕妇的膳食建议

IF 7.4 Q1 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Food frontiers Pub Date : 2024-03-11 DOI:10.1002/fft2.380
Wentian Li, Qingmin Kong, Peijun Tian, Linlin Wang, Xing Jin, Jianxin Zhao, Heng Zhang, Wei Chen, Gang Wang
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摘要

自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)在全球的发病率不断上升,带来了严重的社会和家庭问题。人们逐渐认识到自闭症的各种风险因素,治疗自闭症的方法也多种多样。值得注意的是,膳食干预在缓解和预防某些精神疾病(如癫痫、帕金森病和自闭症)方面已被证明具有积极作用,并作为一种安全的辅助治疗手段逐渐受到关注。在这篇综述中,基于目前对ASD的致病因素和干预策略的认识,深入讨论了可为ASD儿童选择的不同饮食模式。此外,还综述了如何使用食物来源的天然产品、益生元和益生菌等膳食因素作为现有膳食模式的有效补充。由于越来越多的证据表明,肥胖、糖尿病和高血压等母体风险因素与后代患 ASD 的风险增加有关,因此也为有 ASD 相关风险因素的孕妇提出了饮食建议,以抵消这些风险因素的影响。有了来自食物的天然产品、益生元和益生菌的补偿,合适的饮食模式可以进一步提高针对 ASD 的饮食干预的效果。此外,针对孕妇的饮食建议可减少肥胖、糖尿病和高血压的潜在影响,并有助于最大限度地预防 ASD 的发生。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

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Dietary nutrients that potentially mitigate autism spectrum disorder and dietary recommendations for children and pregnant women

The increasing incidence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) worldwide poses serious social and family problems. Various risk factors for ASD are gradually being recognized, and there are also various options for the treatment of ASD. It is worth noting that dietary interventions have been shown to have a positive effect in terms of mitigating and preventing some psychiatric disorders, such as epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, and ASD, and they are gradually receiving attention as a safe adjuvant treatment. In this review, based on the current understanding of the pathogenic factors and intervention strategies for ASD, different dietary patterns that can be selected for children with ASD are discussed in depth. Moreover, a review was conducted on the use of dietary factors, such as natural products from food sources, prebiotics, and probiotics, as effective supplements to existing dietary patterns. As increasing evidence shows that maternal risk factors, such as obesity, diabetes, and hypertension, are associated with an increased risk of ASD in offspring, dietary suggestions are also made for pregnant woman with ASD-related risk factors to counteract the impact of these risk factors. With compensation from food-derived natural products, prebiotics, and probiotics, suitable dietary patterns can further enhance the effectiveness of dietary interventions for ASD. In addition, dietary recommendations for pregnant woman may reduce the potential impact of obesity, diabetes, and hypertension and may help to prevent the occurrence of ASD to the maximum extent possible.

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