Foeto-maternal outcome in pregnancy with and without heart disease: a comparative cross-sectional study in a tertiary care hospital

Background: Pregnant women with underlying heart disease are at increased risk for adverse maternal, obstetric, and neonatal outcomes. One can successfully treat the majority of these incidents if detected early by accurate individual risk assessment and careful follow-up. The aim and objectives of this study were to compare the foeto-maternal outcome in pregnancy with and without heart diseases with period of gestation >32 weeks. Methods: This study was carried out in a tertiary care teaching hospital of Imphal, the capital city of Manipur, using a standard-questionnaires among patients admitted. Data was analysed using SPSS 21.0 with statistical significance set at p<0.05. Results: Study was conducted on 112 pregnant women. The prevalence of heart disease was higher (71.4%) among the primiparous women. Highest occurrence of heart disease (66.1%) was seen in the housewife group. There was increased incidence of pre-term deliveries among pregnant women with heart disease (26.8%). Caesarean section (62.5%) and maternal complications (42.9%) were found to be higher among the pregnant women with heart disease. The incidence of NICU admission of babies was higher among mothers with heart disease (17.9%) compare to 5.4% in mothers without heart disease. Conclusions: Early detection by accurate individual risk assessment and careful follow-up are key to improving outcomes.