The Effects of Learner Characteristics on Learning Flow and Learning Satisfaction in the Flipped Learning of Chinese Beauty Major College Students

The advancement of information and communication technology, a central element in the Fourth Industrial Revolution, is influencing the way people think and act with the introduction of artificial intelligence, augmented reality, and the Internet of Things. In education, there's a notable shift from a teacher-centric approach to a learner-centric environment, emphasizing the flipped learning teaching method that facilitates self-directed learning. This study examined how learner characteristics influence learning flow (classroom class and online class) and learning satisfaction in order to establish a foundation for the effective implementation of beauty education in a flipped learning environment. An empirical study was conducted from July 10 to August 10, 2023, involving 166 surveys administered to beauty-related students in China. The data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0, employing techniques such as frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis. The research findings indicated high reliability scores for learner characteristics (3.98), learning flow (3.75), and learning satisfaction (3.77) within the flipped learning environment. Correlation analyses between learner characteristics, learning flow, and learning satisfaction revealed statistically significant correlation, especially in terms of the correlation between learning attachment of learner characteristics and learning self-efficacy in learning satisfaction. In particular, a higher level of learning attachment in learner characteristics was associated with a statistically significant positive effect on learning satisfaction, whether in online or classroom learning contexts. The research findings suggest that flipped learning classes can improve students' satisfaction by boosting their learning attachment, leading to increased learning self-efficacy. This study highlights the importance of a flipped learning instructional approach when designing courses to enhance learning flow and attachment, addressing academic self-regulation and self-determination motivation.