陀思妥耶夫斯基的伦理和美学观念与 A. 波尼佐夫斯基小说《变成一只倾听的耳朵》中的俄罗斯民族身份问题

O. A. Kolmakova, M. N. Zhornikova
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文章目的本文旨在研究 F. M. 陀思妥耶夫斯基的创作遗产对 A. 波尼佐夫斯基的小说《变成一只倾听的耳朵》(2013 年)的思想性和艺术独创性的影响。波尼佐夫斯基对陀思妥耶夫斯基的诠释涉及俄罗斯世界和俄罗斯身份的主题。社会(普通俄罗斯人的故事)和哲学(围绕这些故事的争论)两条情节线形成了陀思妥耶夫斯基作品的典型冲突场:生命的意义和生存的荒谬、残酷和同情、俄罗斯人和俄罗斯。陀思妥耶夫斯基的互文存在于文本组织的各个层面。陀思妥耶夫斯基的一系列互文已成为俄罗斯文化中的元叙事(格鲁申卡关于拯救洋葱的传说、魔鬼关于通往天堂的四万亿公里的轶事、斯维德里加洛夫关于永恒是有蜘蛛的澡堂的形象),通过这些互文,我们对俄罗斯人的生活问题有了深刻的哲学理解。遵循陀思妥耶夫斯基的文体策略包括使用复调小说资源、再现作家诗学的个别技巧(不合时宜、虚构与非虚构并存、使用圣经文本)。陀思妥耶夫斯基这个人本身成为波尼佐夫斯基争论的对象。这位现代作家将经典形象的两种概念--弗洛伊德式的和基督教式的--对撞在一起,塑造了陀思妥耶夫斯基矛盾人格的肖像。A. Ponizovsky 对 F. M. Dostoevsky 作品的理解不仅是回忆性的,而且由于这两位俄罗斯作家世界观的共性而具有 "遗传性"。
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Dostoevsky’s Ethical and Aesthetical Conception and the Problem of Russian National Identity in A. Ponizovsky’s novel Turning into a Listening Ear
Purpose. The aim of the article is to investigate the influence of the F. M. Dostoevsky's creative heritage on the ideological and artistic originality of A. Ponizovsky's novel Turning into a Listening Ear (2013).Results. Ponizovsky's interpretation of Dostoevsky related to the theme of the Russian world and Russian identity. Two plotlines, social (ordinary Russians’ stories) and philosophical (controversy around them), create a conflict field typical for Dostoevsky's works: meaning of life and absurdity of existence, cruelty and compassion, Russian people and Russia. Dostoevsky's intertext is found at all levels of text organization. A deep philosophical understanding of the Russian life’s problems is achieved due to a set of Dostoevsky's intertexts, which have acquired the status of metanarratives in Russian culture (Grushenka's legend about the saving onion, devil's anecdote about a quadrillion kilometers on the way to paradise, Svidrigailov's image of eternity as a bathhouse with spiders). Following Dostoevsky's stylistic strategies includes the usage of a polyphonic novel resources, and reproducing individual techniques of the writer's poetics (anachronism, coexistence of fiction and non-fiction, using of Holy Scripture's text). The very person of Dostoevsky becomes an object of controversy for Ponizovsky. Colliding two concepts of the classic’s image – Freudian and Christian-oriented, the modern author creates a portrait of Dostoevsky’s conflicting personality.Conclusion. The perception of F. M. Dostoevsky's work by A. Ponizovsky is not only reminiscent, but also “genetic” by its nature due to the worldview commonality of these Russian writers.
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