A Brief History of Lacrimal Bypass Techniques.

PURPOSE Lacrimal bypass is the creation of a fistula connecting the conjunctiva with the lacrimal sac or nasal cavity. Bypass is indicated in canalicular obstruction or agenesis; sac absence, destruction or prior excision; lacrimal pump failure; or dacryocystorhinostomy failure. We aim to review the various techniques that have been developed over the last century for lacrimal bypass. METHODS We conducted a comprehensive literature review of techniques which have focused on creating a conduit extending from the conjunctiva or canaliculi to the lacrimal sac, or extending that bypass to the nasal cavity bypass. RESULTS The main techniques reviewed include canaliculodacryocystorhinostomy, conjunctivodacryocystostomy, conjunctivorhinostomy, conjunctivodacryocystorhinostomy, and conjunctivoductivodacryocystorhinostomy. CONCLUSION Lacrimal bypass surgery has evolved due to innovation in microsurgical techniques, instruments and materials. Conjunctivodacryocystorhinostomy with Jones tube insertion is the predominant bypass technique, reflecting a culmination of historical developments. Understanding the variety of lacrimal bypass techniques is important for exploring alternative options when necessary.