Synthesis of Ag and AgCl Nanoparticles Using Klasea latifolia and Klassa leptoclada Extracts and Assessment of the Antimicrobial Properties of the Synthesized Nanoparticles and Antioxidant Properties of the Extracts

In green synthesis, metal ions are transformed into nanoparticles through a simple reaction, without the need for surfactants, specific conditions, and other stabilizing agents. This study performed the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using the extract of Klasea latifolia and Klasea leptoclada. In green synthesis, metal ions are transformed into nanoparticles through a simple reaction, without the need for surfactants, specific conditions (e.g., temperature and pressure), and other stabilizing agents. Herbs, including flavonoids and other water-soluble active metabolites, could also be used to reduce metal ions to nanoparticles at room temperature. Therefore, the objective of the current research was to investigate the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Klasea leptoclada and Klasea latifolia extracts. Nanoparticles were characterized using the SEM, XRD, UV-Visible Spectroscopy, and EDS methods. The antibacterial properties of the extracts and synthesized nanoparticles were evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Escherichia coli using the agar disk-diffusion and well-diffusion. The antioxidants of the herbs were investigated using the DPPH and FRAP methods, and the IC50 of the extracts was determined as well. The results showed that, although no chlorinated compounds were added to the reaction medium, in addition to silver nanoparticles, silver chloride nanoparticles were also synthesized. The synthesized nanoparticles were spherical (size: 27-38 nm) and had uniform size distribution. Furthermore, the synthesized nanoparticles and extracts exhibited significant antibacterial activity. Many plants have been used for the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles, but the advantage of using the extract of K.latifolia and K. leptoclada was that in addition to synthesizing silver nanoparticles, silver chloride nanoparticles were also synthesized.