防止由 LLM 驱动的智能聊天机器人的生命周期能源和碳足迹大幅增加

IF 10.1 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Engineering Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI:10.1016/j.eng.2024.04.002
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引用次数: 0

摘要

最近,由大型语言模型(LLM)驱动的智能聊天机器人风靡全球,具有广泛的行业应用潜力。全球前沿技术公司正在热火朝天地参与由 LLM 驱动的聊天机器人的设计和开发,提供了著名的 ChatGPT 之外的几种替代方案。然而,此类智能聊天机器人的训练、微调和更新需要消耗大量电力,从而导致大量碳排放。所有智能 LLM 和软件的研发、硬件制造(如图形处理器和超级计算机)、相关数据/操作管理以及支持聊天机器人服务的材料回收都不同程度地涉及碳排放。因此,无论现在还是将来,都应关注由 LLM 驱动的智能聊天机器人的整个生命周期的能源和碳足迹,以减轻其对气候变化的影响。在这项工作中,我们明确并强调了此类智能聊天机器人开发整个生命周期中八个主要阶段的能源消耗和碳排放影响。在对这些阶段的生命周期和互动分析的基础上,我们提出了一个系统级解决方案,其中包括三个战略途径,以优化该行业的管理并减少相关足迹。在期待这一先进技术及其产品的巨大潜力的同时,我们呼吁重新思考以 LLM 为动力的智能聊天机器人产业的生命周期能源使用和碳排放的减缓途径和战略,并在发展的早期阶段重塑其对能源和环境的影响。
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Preventing the Immense Increase in the Life-Cycle Energy and Carbon Footprints of LLM-Powered Intelligent Chatbots

Intelligent chatbots powered by large language models (LLMs) have recently been sweeping the world, with potential for a wide variety of industrial applications. Global frontier technology companies are feverishly participating in LLM-powered chatbot design and development, providing several alternatives beyond the famous ChatGPT. However, training, fine-tuning, and updating such intelligent chatbots consume substantial amounts of electricity, resulting in significant carbon emissions. The research and development of all intelligent LLMs and software, hardware manufacturing (e.g., graphics processing units and supercomputers), related data/operations management, and material recycling supporting chatbot services are associated with carbon emissions to varying extents. Attention should therefore be paid to the entire life-cycle energy and carbon footprints of LLM-powered intelligent chatbots in both the present and future in order to mitigate their climate change impact. In this work, we clarify and highlight the energy consumption and carbon emission implications of eight main phases throughout the life cycle of the development of such intelligent chatbots. Based on a life-cycle and interaction analysis of these phases, we propose a system-level solution with three strategic pathways to optimize the management of this industry and mitigate the related footprints. While anticipating the enormous potential of this advanced technology and its products, we make an appeal for a rethinking of the mitigation pathways and strategies of the life-cycle energy usage and carbon emissions of the LLM-powered intelligent chatbot industry and a reshaping of their energy and environmental implications at this early stage of development.

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来源期刊
Engineering
Engineering Environmental Science-Environmental Engineering
自引率
1.60%
发文量
335
审稿时长
35 days
期刊介绍: Engineering, an international open-access journal initiated by the Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE) in 2015, serves as a distinguished platform for disseminating cutting-edge advancements in engineering R&D, sharing major research outputs, and highlighting key achievements worldwide. The journal's objectives encompass reporting progress in engineering science, fostering discussions on hot topics, addressing areas of interest, challenges, and prospects in engineering development, while considering human and environmental well-being and ethics in engineering. It aims to inspire breakthroughs and innovations with profound economic and social significance, propelling them to advanced international standards and transforming them into a new productive force. Ultimately, this endeavor seeks to bring about positive changes globally, benefit humanity, and shape a new future.
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