A Reconfigurable Antenna for IoT Applications with Enhanced Performance by Adding Metamaterial

—In this study, the use of a complementary four Split Ring Resonators (SRR)-based metamaterial is studied to develop a frequency-reconfigurable antenna for wireless communication. The tangent loss (tan) is 0.0009, and the dimensions of the Rogers RT5880 dielectric are (38×21×1.6) m 3 with a relative permittivity of 2.2. This is the substrate on which the proposed antenna is printed. A frequency range of 1.82 GHz to 6.44 GHz is observed for the antenna’s tuning. The proposed antenna exhibits a Voltage Standing Waves Ratio (VSWR) that does not exceed 1.5 in all resonant bands, affirming its reliability and efficiency. The proposed buildings' radiation efficiency ranges from 70.73% to 98.91%. The antenna operates in three different Modes depending on the antenna’s switching scenario. Antenna Mode 1 operates in a single-band (3.03 GHz). Mode 2 is a double-band (2.34 and 5.06 GHz), and finally, the tri-band or Mode 3 (1.82, 4.2, and 6.44 GHz). Using a fed microstrip line, it is possible to use a quarter-wavelength transformer line to get 50 characteristic impedance and good impedance matching. The method for extracting the parameters from the SRR’s meta-material property is covered in depth, which is how the existence of negative permeability and the new resonance frequencies are confirmed. The suggested antenna offers many benefits, such as straightforward construction, low return loss, and switching frequencies using a PIN diode (SMP1340-079LF).