美国华盛顿州奥林匹克半岛西北低地海狸湖全新世晚期高分辨率古环境重建

IF 1.9 3区 地球科学 Q3 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL Quaternary International Pub Date : 2024-04-06 DOI:10.1016/j.quaint.2024.03.009
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引用次数: 0

摘要

火灾是包括奥林匹克半岛温带雨林在内的西北太平洋地区地貌和森林的重要组成部分。之前对半岛火灾历史的重建表明,在整个后冰川时期,火灾的发生间隔时间各不相同,这主要是为了应对气候变化和植被的相应变化。然而,人们对奥林匹亚半岛低海拔森林的火灾历史以及文化火灾制度在这些环境中的作用却知之甚少。本研究的目的是重建位于半岛西北部的低海拔研究地点海狸湖的古环境历史。通过对长达约 3440 年的记录进行宏观木炭、花粉和沉积物分析,我们重建了一个高分辨率记录,该记录显示,在全新世晚期,对于一个被认为属于温带雨林的地区来说,火灾活动非常频繁。然而,整个记录中的火灾模式各不相同,前三分之一(约公元前 3440 年至 2350 年)和后三分之一(约公元前 800 年至今)记录的火灾活动量要高得多,而中间部分(约公元前 2350 年至 800 年)记录的火灾活动量则很少。可能在多年干旱期间发生的更大规模和/或更严重的火灾与磁感应强度和花粉趋势的峰值相关,这表明在这些事件发生后,森林结构发生了巨大的地貌反应和演替变化。附近的冰川活动表明,较低的温度和较湿润的气候可能在火灾活动较少的时期阻止了火灾活动。奥林匹克半岛土著部落的文化焚烧很可能是造成海狸湖火灾活动的原因之一,因为附近的草原是为了获取资源而进行管理的,在过去的 800 年中,草本形态木炭的增加尤其表明了这一点。
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Late Holocene high-resolution paleoenvironmental reconstruction from Beaver Lake in the northwest lowlands of the Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA)

Fire is an essential component of the landscapes and forests of the Pacific Northwest, including the temperate rainforests of the Olympic Peninsula. Previous fire history reconstructions from the peninsula show that fire return intervals varied throughout the postglacial period, primarily in response to climatic changes and corresponding shifts in vegetation. However, much less is known about the fire history of the low-elevation forests of the Olympic Peninsula and the role of cultural fire regimes in these environments. The purpose of this study was to reconstruct the paleoenvironmental history of a low-elevation study site, Beaver Lake, located in the northwestern part of the peninsula. Using macroscopic charcoal, pollen, and sedimentological analyses of a ca. 3440-year-long record, we reconstructed a high-resolution record that shows fire activity was remarkably high during the late Holocene for an area considered part of a temperate rainforest. However, patterns of burning varied throughout the record, with the first third (ca. 3440 to 2350 cal yr BP) and last third (ca. 800 cal yr BP to the present day) recording much higher amounts of fire activity compared to the middle portion (ca. 2350 to 800 cal yr BP), which recorded very little fire activity. Larger and/or more severe fires that likely burned during multi-year droughts correlate with peaks in magnetic susceptibility and pollen trends that indicate substantial geomorphic responses and successional changes in forest structure following these events. Cooler temperatures and a wetter climate, indicated by nearby glacial advancements, may have staved off fire activity during the period of low fire activity. Cultural burning by the Indigenous tribes of the Olympic Peninsula likely contributed to the observed fire activity at Beaver Lake as nearby prairies were managed for resource procurement, indicated in particular by an increase in herbaceous morphotype charcoal during the past 800 years.

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来源期刊
Quaternary International
Quaternary International 地学-地球科学综合
CiteScore
5.60
自引率
4.50%
发文量
336
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Quaternary International is the official journal of the International Union for Quaternary Research. The objectives are to publish a high quality scientific journal under the auspices of the premier Quaternary association that reflects the interdisciplinary nature of INQUA and records recent advances in Quaternary science that appeal to a wide audience. This series will encompass all the full spectrum of the physical and natural sciences that are commonly employed in solving Quaternary problems. The policy is to publish peer refereed collected research papers from symposia, workshops and meetings sponsored by INQUA. In addition, other organizations may request publication of their collected works pertaining to the Quaternary.
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Editorial Board Editorial Board Editorial Board Upper Pleistocene in Mallorca: Sedimentary variability of littoral units in relation to different structural contexts Early Pleistocene forerunners of Mammuthus-Coelodonta Faunal Complex in Nihewan Basin, North China
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