孟加拉-缅甸边境地区语言 Hyow 的语音、词汇和语法借用与复制

Muhammad Zakaria
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摘要

Hyow 是一种在孟加拉国吉大港山区使用的东南中南部藏缅语,本文讨论了 Hyow 中由接触引起的借用和复制。Hyow语显示了两层接触诱导变化:一层是受缅甸语影响的早期变化,另一层是受孟加拉语影响的近期变化。缅语中的-sháng 与若开邦缅语中的后缀 shɔn "想 "非常相似,这表明讲缅语的人以前生活在若开邦。在目前的位置,讲 Hyow 语的人与孟加拉语有接触,Hyow 语中出现的印度-雅利安类型的相对关系从句--在缅甸的任何 SC 语言中都找不到--揭示了最近与孟加拉语接触的影响。除了证明瑶语与缅甸语和孟加拉语接触的各自古老性之外,借用欲望后缀-sháng 和相对关系从句这两个例子还表明,借用和复制是接触引起变化的两种不同类型(Heine 和 Kuteva,2005 年,2006 年)。本文首次对语音、词汇和语法的借用和复制进行了阐述,以了解语言接触如何塑造了泫氏语。
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Phonological, lexical and grammatical borrowings and replications in Hyow, a language of the Bangladesh-Burma border area
This paper presents a discussion of contact-induced borrowings and replications in Hyow, a Southeastern South Central (SC) Tibeto-Burman language spoken in the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh. Hyow shows two layers of contact-induced changes: an earlier layer under the influence of Burmese, and a more recent layer under the influence of Bangla. The Hyow desiderative -sháng closely resembles the suffix shɔn ‘want to’ in the Burmese variety of Rakhine State, suggesting that Hyow speakers previously lived in Rakhine State. In its current location, Hyow speakers are in contact with Bangla, and the presence of Indo-Aryan type relative-correlative clauses in Hyow – not found in any of the SC languages in Burma – reveals the effect of this recent contact with Bangla. Apart from demonstrating the respective antiquity of Hyow contact with Burmese and Bangla, the two examples of the borrowing of the desiderative suffix -sháng and relative-correlative clauses also show borrowing and replication as two distinct types of contact-induced change (Heine and Kuteva, 2005, 2006). This paper gives the first account of phonological, lexical and grammatical borrowings and replications to understand how language contact has shaped Hyow.
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