老年人在运动双重任务时躯干运动控制能力下降

IF 1.6 3区 心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES Human Movement Science Pub Date : 2024-04-30 DOI:10.1016/j.humov.2024.103223
Alyssa O. Vanderlinden , Masood Nevisipour , Thomas Sugar , Hyunglae Lee
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引用次数: 0

摘要

老年人的躯干运动控制能力下降,这与他们较高的跌倒风险有关。虽然运动/认知双重任务会降低老年人的平衡能力和行走能力,但在可能发生跌倒的情况下,人们对双重任务如何影响躯干运动学和动力学的了解还很有限。因此,本研究旨在确定具有挑战性的运动双重任务(特别是在行走过程中避开障碍物)对老年人与年轻人相比的躯干和下半身运动学和动力学的影响。研究采集了 12 名年轻人和 10 名老年人在跑步机上行走并用双腿跨过障碍物时的三维运动学和动力学数据。研究分析了躯干、髋关节、膝关节和踝关节的角度和扭矩。躯干扭矩进一步细分为躯干肌肉扭矩、重力扭矩和惯性扭矩。采用线性混合效应模型来研究两组之间每个变量的差异。与年轻人相比,老年人的躯干弯曲角度和躯干伸展肌肉扭矩明显增加,而躯干是唯一一个在运动学和动力学方面都显示出差异的部分/关节。躯干扭矩分解分析表明,较大的躯干屈曲会导致较大的重力扭矩,从而导致躯干肌肉代偿扭矩的增加。此外,老年人在将重心从后腿转移到前腿时对躯干屈曲的控制较差,因此在后腿避障时需要对躯干进行补偿性减速,而这是通过额外增加躯干肌肉扭矩来实现的。研究表明,与年轻人相比,运动双重任务对老年人躯干控制的负面影响最大。这使老年人面临更高的跌倒风险。因此,未来的工作应侧重于在可能发生跌倒的日常多重任务条件下支持躯干控制。
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Reduced trunk movement control during motor dual-tasking in older adults

Older adults have a decreased trunk movement control which is linked to their higher fall risk. While motor/cognitive dual-tasking deteriorates balance and walking in older adults, there is limited understanding on how trunk kinematics and kinetics are affected by dual-tasking in scenarios where falls can occur. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to determine the impacts of a challenging motor dual-task, specifically obstacle avoidance during walking, on trunk and lower-body kinematics and kinetics of older adults compared to young adults. The study captured three-dimensional kinematic and kinetic data from 12 young adults and 10 older adults as they walked on a treadmill and stepped over an obstacle with both legs. The study analyzed trunk, hip, knee, and ankle angles and torques. Trunk torque was further broken down to trunk muscle torque, gravitational torque, and inertia torque. A linear mixed effects model was used to investigate the difference in each variable between the two groups. Older adults exhibited significantly increased trunk flexion angle and trunk extension muscle torque compared to young adults, with the trunk being the only segment/joint showing differences in both kinematics and kinetics. Trunk torque breakdown analysis revealed that larger trunk flexion led to a larger gravitational torque, which contributed to an increased compensatory trunk muscle torque. Moreover, older adults' less controlled trunk flexion during weight shifting from trail leg to the lead leg, necessitated a compensatory trunk deceleration during trail leg obstacle avoidance which was achieved by generating additional increase in trunk muscle torque. The study demonstrated that motor dual-tasking has the most negative effects on trunk control in older adults compared to young adults. This exposes older adults to a higher fall risk. Therefore, future work should focus on supporting trunk control during daily multi-tasking conditions where falls can occur.

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来源期刊
Human Movement Science
Human Movement Science 医学-神经科学
CiteScore
3.80
自引率
4.80%
发文量
89
审稿时长
42 days
期刊介绍: Human Movement Science provides a medium for publishing disciplinary and multidisciplinary studies on human movement. It brings together psychological, biomechanical and neurophysiological research on the control, organization and learning of human movement, including the perceptual support of movement. The overarching goal of the journal is to publish articles that help advance theoretical understanding of the control and organization of human movement, as well as changes therein as a function of development, learning and rehabilitation. The nature of the research reported may vary from fundamental theoretical or empirical studies to more applied studies in the fields of, for example, sport, dance and rehabilitation with the proviso that all studies have a distinct theoretical bearing. Also, reviews and meta-studies advancing the understanding of human movement are welcome. These aims and scope imply that purely descriptive studies are not acceptable, while methodological articles are only acceptable if the methodology in question opens up new vistas in understanding the control and organization of human movement. The same holds for articles on exercise physiology, which in general are not supported, unless they speak to the control and organization of human movement. In general, it is required that the theoretical message of articles published in Human Movement Science is, to a certain extent, innovative and not dismissible as just "more of the same."
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