基于情境的自行车制动控制:经验揭示了控制方式的差异

IF 1.6 3区 心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES Human Movement Science Pub Date : 2024-05-04 DOI:10.1016/j.humov.2024.103225
Gisele C. Gotardi , John van der Kamp , Martina Navarro , Geert J.P. Savelsbergh , Sérgio T. Rodrigues
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引用次数: 0

摘要

我们研究了在原地避免碰撞实验中,骑车人是否通过采用基于承受能力的控制策略来调节制动。在基于承受能力的制动控制策略中,减速是相对于可达到的最大减速来控制的,而不是通过消除与理想减速之间的偏差来控制的,并且有可能允许不同的制动方式。研究人员要求 20 名积极和 18 名不积极的自行车运动员在室内健身房的直道上骑车,并尽可能靠近静止障碍物前停下。通过对自行车进行负重(空载、负重-5 千克和负重-10 千克)来控制可达到的最大减速度。采用两种接近距离来改变骑车速度。与短距离相比,在长距离接近障碍物时,两组参与者在距离障碍物更远的地方停下。在两组中,没有发现负载对制动性能和控制的系统性影响。不过,随着理想减速度的增加以及距离行动边界越来越近,即使当前减速度接近理想减速度,两组人的制动调整幅度也会增加。这表明参与者在制动时采用了基于承受能力的控制策略。研究发现了两种制动风格:一种是激进型风格,其特点是制动开始较晚,理想减速度的峰值较高且陡峭;另一种是保守型风格,其特点是制动开始较早,理想减速度逐渐线性增加。积极的制动方式在主动骑车者中更为普遍。我们认为,制动风格的形成源于信息与行动之间的校准差异。我们工作的新颖之处在于,在现场实验中证实了骑车人采用了基于承受能力的控制策略,并展示和解释了基于承受能力的控制如何能够将不同制动风格的出现结合起来。
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Affordance-based control of braking in cycling: Experience reveals differences in the style of control

We investigated whether in an in-situ collision avoidance experiment cyclists regulate braking by adopting an affordance-based control strategy. Within an affordance-based control strategy for braking, deceleration is controlled relative to the maximum achievable deceleration rather than by nulling out deviations from ideal deceleration, and potentially allowing for different braking styles. Twenty active- and eighteen inactive-cyclists were asked to cycle on a straight path in an indoor gym and to stop as close as possible in front of a stationary obstacle. Maximum achievable deceleration was manipulated by loading the bike: no-load, load-5 kg, and load-10 kg. Two approach distances were used to vary cycling speed. Participants in both groups stopped farther from the obstacle when approaching with long- than short-initial distance conditions. No systematic effects of loading on braking performance and control were found across the two groups. However, both groups did increase the magnitude of brake adjustments as ideal deceleration increased and got closer to the action boundary, even when current deceleration approached the ideal deceleration. This indicates that participants adopted an affordance-based control strategy for braking. Two braking styles were identified: an aggressive style, characterized by a late braking onset and a high, steep peak in ideal deceleration, and a conservative style, characterized by an early braking onset and gradual, linear increase in ideal deceleration. The aggressive braking style was more prevalent among the active-cyclists. We suggest that the braking styles emerge from differences in calibration between information and action. The novelty of our work lies in confirming that cyclists adopt an affordance-based control strategy in an in-situ experiment and in demonstrating and explicating how affordance-based control can incorporate the emergence of different styles of braking.

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来源期刊
Human Movement Science
Human Movement Science 医学-神经科学
CiteScore
3.80
自引率
4.80%
发文量
89
审稿时长
42 days
期刊介绍: Human Movement Science provides a medium for publishing disciplinary and multidisciplinary studies on human movement. It brings together psychological, biomechanical and neurophysiological research on the control, organization and learning of human movement, including the perceptual support of movement. The overarching goal of the journal is to publish articles that help advance theoretical understanding of the control and organization of human movement, as well as changes therein as a function of development, learning and rehabilitation. The nature of the research reported may vary from fundamental theoretical or empirical studies to more applied studies in the fields of, for example, sport, dance and rehabilitation with the proviso that all studies have a distinct theoretical bearing. Also, reviews and meta-studies advancing the understanding of human movement are welcome. These aims and scope imply that purely descriptive studies are not acceptable, while methodological articles are only acceptable if the methodology in question opens up new vistas in understanding the control and organization of human movement. The same holds for articles on exercise physiology, which in general are not supported, unless they speak to the control and organization of human movement. In general, it is required that the theoretical message of articles published in Human Movement Science is, to a certain extent, innovative and not dismissible as just "more of the same."
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