Analysing Determinants of Institutional Delivery in NFHS-5: A Comprehensive Study in India with a Focus on Caste Dynamics

The benefit of institutional delivery not only impacts maternal health but also reduces newborn mortality and increases overall well-being. This study focused on differences in the determinants of delivering at institution settings in India, with specific importance given to mothers within different caste groups. This is one area that was given less importance in the existing literature, particularly in studies that focused on the determinants of institutional delivery in India. Using data from the National Family Health Survey 5 (NFHS-5), the research explores factors influencing the choice between institutional and non-institutional delivery. Using logistic regression, and after removing influential and large residual observations (outliers), the analysis reveals that sociocultural determinants, including caste, religion, economic status and maternal education, significantly impact delivery preferences. Mothers from Scheduled Castes and Other Caste categories exhibit a higher likelihood of opting for institutional delivery. Economic factors, partner support, family size, maternal education, health-seeking behaviours, age, perceived distance to health facilities and media engagement also play crucial roles. Comparative analyses across caste groups emphasize the influence of wealth and education on institutional delivery choices. The findings underscore the need for having targeted interventions addressing diverse sociocultural contexts to improve maternal healthcare outcomes and reduce health disparities in India. Efforts should focus on awareness campaigns and overcoming challenges to promote the benefits of institutional delivery.