播前氮肥施用量会影响不同基因型甜菜根的产量和质量吗?

Nitrogen Pub Date : 2024-05-08 DOI:10.3390/nitrogen5020025
Ivana Varga, Antonela Markulj Kulundžić, Monika Tkalec Kojić, M. Antunović
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引用次数: 0

摘要

由于氮肥对甜菜根的产量和质量有重要影响,因此在甜菜生产中一直特别注重氮肥。要使甜菜生长稳定、根系产量和质量令人满意,均衡施氮至关重要。因此,本研究旨在研究春季氮肥在两个季节的施用情况:氮0对照组、仅氮1播前施肥组和氮2播前表层施肥组。研究包括四种不同的基因型(Serenada、Colonia、Fred 和 Danton)。实验地点位于克罗地亚东部属于温带气候区的平原地区(Županja 和 Vrbanja),长期平均气温(LTM)(3 月至 10 月)约为 16 °C,总降水量为 515 毫米。在降水量较高的年份,播前氮肥对根系产量的影响较小(比长期平均值高 31%)。因此,播前施肥(N1)和播前施肥加表层施肥(N2)的平均产量非常接近,仅比对照组高 7%。在降雨量较少的季节(比长期降雨量少 29%),播前施肥加表层施肥(N2)对甜菜根的增产效果更明显,比对照处理增产 17%。两季不同地点施用氮肥时,甜菜的蔗糖含量和质量指标(brei 杂质、糖蜜中的糖分损失、可提取的糖)均有所不同。在播种前和表层施氮肥的 N2 处理中,白糖产量最高。总体而言,根据所有地点和研究年份的平均值,Serenada 杂交品种的平均根产量(81.1 吨/公顷)最高,而 Colonia 的根含糖量(14.5%)和白糖产量(9.7 吨/公顷)最高。
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Does the Amount of Pre-Sowing Nitrogen Fertilization Affect Sugar Beet Root Yield and Quality of Different Genotypes?
There has always been a specific focus on nitrogen fertilization in sugar beet production due to its important effect on sugar beet root yield and quality. For stable sugar beet growth and satisfactory root yield and quality, balanced N fertilization is crucial. Thus, this study aimed to investigate spring N fertilization in two seasons as the following treatments: N0—control, N1—only pre-sowing fertilization, and N2—pre-sowing with topdressing. Four different genotypes were included in the study (Serenada, Colonia, Fred, and Danton). The experiment was set up in a plain area, belonging to the temperate climate zone in Eastern Croatia (Županja and Vrbanja), with the long-term mean (LTM) (March–October) air temperature around 16 °C and the total precipitation of 515 mm. Pre-sowing N fertilization had a smaller impact on root yield in the year with higher precipitation (31% higher than LTM). Therefore, the average yields with pre-sowing fertilization (N1) and pre-sowing fertilization with top dressing (N2) were very similar and were only 7% higher than those of the control. In a season with less rainfall (29% less than LTM), pre-sowing fertilization with top dressing (N2) had a more pronounced effect on the increase in sugar beet root yield, which was 17% higher compared to that of the control treatment. The sugar beet sucrose content and quality parameters (brei impurities, loss of sugar in molasses, extractable sugar) differed when N fertilization was applied among locations in both seasons. The white sugar yield was the highest at N2 treatment with pre-sowing and topdressing N fertilization. In general, according to the average of all locations and years of research, the Serenada hybrid achieved the highest average root yield (81.1 t ha−1), while Colonia exhibited the highest root sugar content (14.5%) and white sugar yield (9.7 t ha−1).
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