Effects of sterilization and disinfection methods on digitally designed surgical implant guide accuracy: An in vitro study

Introduction

Surgical guides are commonly used to assist with dental implant placement. This study investigated the effects of five sterilization and disinfection methods on the accuracy of implant guides.

Methods

Thirty surgical guides (five in each group) were designed and printed (with digital light processing technology) using different sterilization or disinfection methods categorized into six groups: hydrogen peroxide sterilization (group one); glutaraldehyde sterilization (group two); autoclaving (group three); plasma sterilization (group four); iodophor disinfection (group five); and blank group (group six). Verification was determined using three methods: distance and angle between the cross-shaped marks, deformation after superimposing the guides, and displacement and axial changes in the virtual implant.

Results

After disinfection and sterilization, the guides in the autoclaving and iodophor groups showed a more pronounced color change and the guide in the autoclaving group had visible cracks. More significant changes were observed in the H₂O₂, glutaraldehyde, autoclaving, and iodophor groups regarding deformation after superimposing the guides and the distance and angle between the cross-shaped marks. The average labial deformation values (mm) of the first through fifth groups of guides were 0.283, 0.172, 0.289, 0.153, and 0.188, respectively. All groups were statistically different from the blank group for displacement and axial changes of the virtual implant (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

The sizes of almost all surgical guides changed after sterilization and disinfection treatments, with between-group differences. Plasma sterilization was more suitable for surgical guide sterilization because of the smaller deformations after treatment.