Graphene-Based Surface Plasmon Resonance–Based Solar Thermal Absorber Using Cr-TiN-W Multilayer Structure

The design of surface plasmon resonance solar absorbers with graphene is demonstrated to study the solar absorbers of photonic devices. With the respective properties of each metal in this structure, the tungsten (W) layer is performed as a ground layer, chromium (Cr) is used to create the resonator design, and the titanium nitride (TiN) substrate layer is constructed between Cr and W layers, respectively. According to the advantages of graphene in making absorbers, a thin film of graphene is also constructed above TiN and below the Cr resonator design. To show the radiation effects in spectrums (between UV and NIR), the four highest wavelength numbers (in micrometers) are picked such as 0.4, 1.6, 1.8, and 2. According to the band range, the output absorption observes 97.2% at 0.7 µm, 95.35% at 1.730 µm, and 90.15% at 2.8 µm, respectively. In solar absorber performing, the first important thing before extracting the absorption rate is design construction, and we presented several stages of outputs for each construction to bring the final (complete) step. After exploring the design and thickness of each existing layer in the design, we can change the below and above parameters of the explored thickness in each layer (resonator, substrate, and ground). The variation can also be demonstrated in respective color plots to show the output radiation in different colors. In the calculating section of the absorption percentage in design, the air mass (AM) and graphene equations are also presented with the explanation of each symbol. The proposed sun-shaped design can be used in performing thermal processes such as water heating systems.