Vithundwa Richard Posite, Bayongwa Samuel Ahana, Chérifa Abdelbaki, Abdellatif Zerga, Awoke Guadie
{"title":"刚果民主共和国贝尼市气温和降雨趋势分析","authors":"Vithundwa Richard Posite, Bayongwa Samuel Ahana, Chérifa Abdelbaki, Abdellatif Zerga, Awoke Guadie","doi":"10.1007/s12040-024-02308-0","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Understanding local-scale climate change is vital to developing adaptive strategies in the face of the century-old river of global warming posing a threat to humanity. This study focuses on assessing temperature and rainfall trends in Beni City, using monthly and yearly (1990–2020) weather station data. Climate variability was analysed using the standardised variable index, and rainfall concentration patterns were highlighted using the precipitation concentration index (PCI). The climate trends were analysed by using the Mann–Kendall test and Sen's slope estimator. The findings indicated that the <i>T</i><sub>min</sub> is 18.82±0.62°C, and <i>T</i><sub>max</sub> is 28.22±0.75°C, resulting in a mean temperature of 23.52±0.57°C. The annual and seasonal temperature trend analysis indicated that a significant warming trend was observed in both <i>T</i><sub>min</sub> and <i>T</i><sub>max</sub>. Beni City's precipitation trends also showed a mean annual rainfall of 1988.38±416.59 mm, with significant year-to-year variations. Annual rainfall analysis exhibited a slight upward trend; meanwhile, the seasonal trend analysis revealed an increase in rainfall during Mar–Apr–May (MAM) and Aug–Sep–Oct–Nov (ASON) seasons with roughly no discernible trend during Dec–Jan–Feb (DJF), and Jun–Jul (JJ) seasons. Overall, annual and seasonal analyses of specific temperature and rainfall patterns have shown pronounced warming and increased rainfall in the study area.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Research highlights</h3><ul>\n<li>\n<p>The study reveals significant trends in temperature and rainfall in Beni city, Democratic Republic of Congo, over a 31-year period (1990–2020).</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p>Both minimum and maximum temperatures show significant warming trends, with the most recent decade witnessing substantial increases in maximum temperatures.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p>Rainfall patterns exhibit variations, with a slight upward trend in annual rainfall, although the 1990s experienced a notable decrease in precipitation.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p>Monthly analyses highlight specific temperature and rainfall patterns with some months experiencing pronounced warming and increased rainfall.</p>\n</li>\n</ul>","PeriodicalId":15609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Earth System Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3000,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Analysis of temperature and rainfall trends in Beni City, Democratic Republic of Congo\",\"authors\":\"Vithundwa Richard Posite, Bayongwa Samuel Ahana, Chérifa Abdelbaki, Abdellatif Zerga, Awoke Guadie\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s12040-024-02308-0\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<h3 data-test=\\\"abstract-sub-heading\\\">Abstract</h3><p>Understanding local-scale climate change is vital to developing adaptive strategies in the face of the century-old river of global warming posing a threat to humanity. This study focuses on assessing temperature and rainfall trends in Beni City, using monthly and yearly (1990–2020) weather station data. Climate variability was analysed using the standardised variable index, and rainfall concentration patterns were highlighted using the precipitation concentration index (PCI). The climate trends were analysed by using the Mann–Kendall test and Sen's slope estimator. The findings indicated that the <i>T</i><sub>min</sub> is 18.82±0.62°C, and <i>T</i><sub>max</sub> is 28.22±0.75°C, resulting in a mean temperature of 23.52±0.57°C. The annual and seasonal temperature trend analysis indicated that a significant warming trend was observed in both <i>T</i><sub>min</sub> and <i>T</i><sub>max</sub>. Beni City's precipitation trends also showed a mean annual rainfall of 1988.38±416.59 mm, with significant year-to-year variations. Annual rainfall analysis exhibited a slight upward trend; meanwhile, the seasonal trend analysis revealed an increase in rainfall during Mar–Apr–May (MAM) and Aug–Sep–Oct–Nov (ASON) seasons with roughly no discernible trend during Dec–Jan–Feb (DJF), and Jun–Jul (JJ) seasons. Overall, annual and seasonal analyses of specific temperature and rainfall patterns have shown pronounced warming and increased rainfall in the study area.</p><h3 data-test=\\\"abstract-sub-heading\\\">Research highlights</h3><ul>\\n<li>\\n<p>The study reveals significant trends in temperature and rainfall in Beni city, Democratic Republic of Congo, over a 31-year period (1990–2020).</p>\\n</li>\\n<li>\\n<p>Both minimum and maximum temperatures show significant warming trends, with the most recent decade witnessing substantial increases in maximum temperatures.</p>\\n</li>\\n<li>\\n<p>Rainfall patterns exhibit variations, with a slight upward trend in annual rainfall, although the 1990s experienced a notable decrease in precipitation.</p>\\n</li>\\n<li>\\n<p>Monthly analyses highlight specific temperature and rainfall patterns with some months experiencing pronounced warming and increased rainfall.</p>\\n</li>\\n</ul>\",\"PeriodicalId\":15609,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journal of Earth System Science\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.3000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-05-27\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journal of Earth System Science\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"89\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-024-02308-0\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"地球科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q3\",\"JCRName\":\"GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Earth System Science","FirstCategoryId":"89","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-024-02308-0","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Analysis of temperature and rainfall trends in Beni City, Democratic Republic of Congo
Abstract
Understanding local-scale climate change is vital to developing adaptive strategies in the face of the century-old river of global warming posing a threat to humanity. This study focuses on assessing temperature and rainfall trends in Beni City, using monthly and yearly (1990–2020) weather station data. Climate variability was analysed using the standardised variable index, and rainfall concentration patterns were highlighted using the precipitation concentration index (PCI). The climate trends were analysed by using the Mann–Kendall test and Sen's slope estimator. The findings indicated that the Tmin is 18.82±0.62°C, and Tmax is 28.22±0.75°C, resulting in a mean temperature of 23.52±0.57°C. The annual and seasonal temperature trend analysis indicated that a significant warming trend was observed in both Tmin and Tmax. Beni City's precipitation trends also showed a mean annual rainfall of 1988.38±416.59 mm, with significant year-to-year variations. Annual rainfall analysis exhibited a slight upward trend; meanwhile, the seasonal trend analysis revealed an increase in rainfall during Mar–Apr–May (MAM) and Aug–Sep–Oct–Nov (ASON) seasons with roughly no discernible trend during Dec–Jan–Feb (DJF), and Jun–Jul (JJ) seasons. Overall, annual and seasonal analyses of specific temperature and rainfall patterns have shown pronounced warming and increased rainfall in the study area.
Research highlights
The study reveals significant trends in temperature and rainfall in Beni city, Democratic Republic of Congo, over a 31-year period (1990–2020).
Both minimum and maximum temperatures show significant warming trends, with the most recent decade witnessing substantial increases in maximum temperatures.
Rainfall patterns exhibit variations, with a slight upward trend in annual rainfall, although the 1990s experienced a notable decrease in precipitation.
Monthly analyses highlight specific temperature and rainfall patterns with some months experiencing pronounced warming and increased rainfall.
期刊介绍：
The Journal of Earth System Science, an International Journal, was earlier a part of the Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences – Section A begun in 1934, and later split in 1978 into theme journals. This journal was published as Proceedings – Earth and Planetary Sciences since 1978, and in 2005 was renamed ‘Journal of Earth System Science’.
The journal is highly inter-disciplinary and publishes scholarly research – new data, ideas, and conceptual advances – in Earth System Science. The focus is on the evolution of the Earth as a system: manuscripts describing changes of anthropogenic origin in a limited region are not considered unless they go beyond describing the changes to include an analysis of earth-system processes. The journal''s scope includes the solid earth (geosphere), the atmosphere, the hydrosphere (including cryosphere), and the biosphere; it also addresses related aspects of planetary and space sciences. Contributions pertaining to the Indian sub- continent and the surrounding Indian-Ocean region are particularly welcome. Given that a large number of manuscripts report either observations or model results for a limited domain, manuscripts intended for publication in JESS are expected to fulfill at least one of the following three criteria.
The data should be of relevance and should be of statistically significant size and from a region from where such data are sparse. If the data are from a well-sampled region, the data size should be considerable and advance our knowledge of the region.
A model study is carried out to explain observations reported either in the same manuscript or in the literature.
The analysis, whether of data or with models, is novel and the inferences advance the current knowledge.
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