从环保角度重新设计可重复使用的包装:铁路部门的案例研究

L. Berzi, M Cocci, R. Barbieri, M. Pierini, M. Delogu
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摘要

铁路车辆的生产需要处理大量材料,这些材料通过工业包装从供应商运送到生产现场。此处描述的活动是 MORIMB 项目的一部分,该项目旨在减少与铁路部门有关的废物;木材、塑料、纸板和金属紧固件是此类包装所采用的典型材料。研究的动机来自于以下证据:由于运输部件的特殊性,大多数包装单元都不同于标准格式,因此它们经常被用于一次运输,然后报废。我们确定了一种用于分析、重新设计和评估环境和经济影响的应用方法,并特别关注包装的可再利用性。通过对 DMAIC 方法的调整,对各种组件进行了分析,并找到了可重复使用和性能改进的解决方案,特别是在体积效率和组件保护方面。根据要运输的物品,设计了特定的周转箱,并根据现有的技术规范对其结构进行了验证,同时考虑到生产、运输和储存阶段对环境和经济的影响,对周转箱的可持续性进行了分析;确定了有关运输距离和体积占用的适当方案。本作品中详细介绍的案例研究涉及用于运输乘客座椅(火车生产的关键部件)的特殊板条箱概念,该概念实现了包装密度的提高和运输成本的降低。此外,还考虑了其他案例研究。
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Approaching the re-design of reusable packaging from an environmental perspective: a case study in the railway sector
The production of railway vehicles determines the handling of a large amount of materials which are transferred from suppliers to production site using industrial packaging. The activity here described is part of the MORIMB project, which dealt with the reduction of waste related to railway sector; wood, plastic, cardboard and metal fasteners are the typical materials which are adopted for such packaging.The study is motivated from the evidence that, due to the peculiarities of the transported components, most of the packaging units were different from standardized formats therefore they were frequently used for a single transport and subsequently scrapped. An applicative methodology for the analysis, redesign, and evaluation of environmental and economic impacts was defined, with particular attention to packaging reusability. An adaptation of the DMAIC approach was used to analyze the various components and find solutions reusability and performance improvement, especially in terms of volume efficiency and component protection. Depending on the item to be transported, specific crates have been designed and structurally verified according to existing technical regulation, and their sustainability has been analyzed considering environmental and economic impact during production, transport and storage phase; appropriate scenarios regarding distance travelled and volume occupancy were defined. The case study presented in detail in this work concerns the concept of special crates for the transport of passenger seats – a key component for train production - for which an increase in packaging density and a reduction of transportation costs was achieved. Other case studies were also considered.
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