用于过山车聚氨酯车轮热结构分析的有限元方法的优化和验证

Massimiliano Palmieri, Alberto Ferri, Filippo Cianetti, Claudio Braccesi
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摘要

聚合材料被广泛应用于多个工程领域。其中,过山车是这类材料的一个重要应用领域。过山车的车轮实际上是由一个铝制轮毂和一个紧凑的聚氨酯涂层组成的,轮毂与轨道接触,承受高速动态载荷。由于这些材料具有典型的粘弹性,这种载荷会导致涂层过热,从而使车轮迅速老化。这将导致机器停机,从而造成时间和金钱的严重浪费。在这种情况下,作者开发了一种有限元热结构分析方法,能够快速评估工作循环中达到的温度,并证明对选择轮毂类型非常有用。在这项工作中,首先对这一方法进行了计算开发,然后通过将分析结果与歧管制造商进行的实验测试所获得的数据进行比较,对这一方法进行了验证。比较结果表明了所建议方法的有效性,但也强调了由于材料特征描述不精确而导致的最高温度恒定误差。
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Optimization and validation of a finite element methodology for thermo-structural analysis of polyhuretane wheels for roller coaster application
Polymeric materials are widely used in several engineering sectors. Among these, a particularly critical sector for this type of material is that of roller coasters. The wheels are indeed made with an aluminum hub and a compact polyurethane coating, which, being in contact with the track, is subject to high speeds dynamic loads. Due to the viscoelastic behavior typical of these materials, such loads induce overheating of the coating and therefore a rapid degradation of the wheel. This results in machine downtime and, consequently, significant waste of time and money. In this context, the authors have developed a methodology for finite element thermo-structural analysis capable of quickly evaluating the temperature reached during work cycles and proving very useful in selecting the type of wheels to use. In this work, this methodology was firstly computationally developed and then validated by comparing the analysis results with data obtained from experimental tests conducted by the manifacturer. The comparison demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method, highlighting, however, a constant error in terms of maximum temperature reached attributable to a non-exact material characterization.
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