Kamran , Junaid Aziz Khan , Fasiha Safdar , Umer Khayyam , Iftikhar Hussain Adil , Abdul Waheed , Muhammad Fahim Khokhar
{"title":"巴基斯坦城市供水安全和脆弱性的驱动因素:开伯尔巴图克瓦省马尔丹市案例研究","authors":"Kamran , Junaid Aziz Khan , Fasiha Safdar , Umer Khayyam , Iftikhar Hussain Adil , Abdul Waheed , Muhammad Fahim Khokhar","doi":"10.1016/j.gsd.2024.101229","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Tehsil Mardan has experienced enormous shifts in land use and cover (LULC), growth in population, climate variance, and a drop in the groundwater table. This study sought to evaluate and quantify the vulnerability status of municipal water security in Tehsil Mardan, by incorporating LULC, population, and climate indicators using remote sensing and statistical techniques. LULC changes were quantified from Landsat imageries using Envi from 1990 to 2021. Field and questionnaire surveys were conducted to estimate groundwater depletion and municipal water demand. The Mann-Kendall trend test was applied to temperature and precipitation data. Analysis of correlation was performed to measure the relationship among all the variables. To get a deeper understanding of the vulnerability of municipal water security caused by physical, climatic, and social factors, the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) was utilized. LULC results showed a fivefold rise in built-up class from 37 km<sup>2</sup> to 188 km<sup>2</sup> and a substantial decline in bare land from 437 km<sup>2</sup> to 252 km<sup>2</sup> from 1990 to 2021. The average groundwater table depletion was one foot per year and showed a significant positive correlation with the number of tube wells, water supply and demand, and population growth. An increase of 0.008 °C per year in average temperature while a declining trend is observed in mean precipitation during the last 30 years. The results showed that municipal water security vulnerability changed from “invulnerable relatively” to “very vulnerable” stage during the last three decades. The study contributed valuable insights to facilitate policymakers, and urban planners for management of the current and future municipal water works, land use planning, and associated environmental opportunities and threats.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37879,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater for Sustainable Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9000,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Drivers of municipal water security and vulnerability in Pakistan: A case study of Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa\",\"authors\":\"Kamran , Junaid Aziz Khan , Fasiha Safdar , Umer Khayyam , Iftikhar Hussain Adil , Abdul Waheed , Muhammad Fahim Khokhar\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.gsd.2024.101229\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>Tehsil Mardan has experienced enormous shifts in land use and cover (LULC), growth in population, climate variance, and a drop in the groundwater table. This study sought to evaluate and quantify the vulnerability status of municipal water security in Tehsil Mardan, by incorporating LULC, population, and climate indicators using remote sensing and statistical techniques. LULC changes were quantified from Landsat imageries using Envi from 1990 to 2021. Field and questionnaire surveys were conducted to estimate groundwater depletion and municipal water demand. The Mann-Kendall trend test was applied to temperature and precipitation data. Analysis of correlation was performed to measure the relationship among all the variables. To get a deeper understanding of the vulnerability of municipal water security caused by physical, climatic, and social factors, the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) was utilized. LULC results showed a fivefold rise in built-up class from 37 km<sup>2</sup> to 188 km<sup>2</sup> and a substantial decline in bare land from 437 km<sup>2</sup> to 252 km<sup>2</sup> from 1990 to 2021. The average groundwater table depletion was one foot per year and showed a significant positive correlation with the number of tube wells, water supply and demand, and population growth. An increase of 0.008 °C per year in average temperature while a declining trend is observed in mean precipitation during the last 30 years. The results showed that municipal water security vulnerability changed from “invulnerable relatively” to “very vulnerable” stage during the last three decades. The study contributed valuable insights to facilitate policymakers, and urban planners for management of the current and future municipal water works, land use planning, and associated environmental opportunities and threats.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":37879,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Groundwater for Sustainable Development\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":4.9000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-06-04\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Groundwater for Sustainable Development\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352801X24001528\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Groundwater for Sustainable Development","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352801X24001528","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
Drivers of municipal water security and vulnerability in Pakistan: A case study of Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Tehsil Mardan has experienced enormous shifts in land use and cover (LULC), growth in population, climate variance, and a drop in the groundwater table. This study sought to evaluate and quantify the vulnerability status of municipal water security in Tehsil Mardan, by incorporating LULC, population, and climate indicators using remote sensing and statistical techniques. LULC changes were quantified from Landsat imageries using Envi from 1990 to 2021. Field and questionnaire surveys were conducted to estimate groundwater depletion and municipal water demand. The Mann-Kendall trend test was applied to temperature and precipitation data. Analysis of correlation was performed to measure the relationship among all the variables. To get a deeper understanding of the vulnerability of municipal water security caused by physical, climatic, and social factors, the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) was utilized. LULC results showed a fivefold rise in built-up class from 37 km2 to 188 km2 and a substantial decline in bare land from 437 km2 to 252 km2 from 1990 to 2021. The average groundwater table depletion was one foot per year and showed a significant positive correlation with the number of tube wells, water supply and demand, and population growth. An increase of 0.008 °C per year in average temperature while a declining trend is observed in mean precipitation during the last 30 years. The results showed that municipal water security vulnerability changed from “invulnerable relatively” to “very vulnerable” stage during the last three decades. The study contributed valuable insights to facilitate policymakers, and urban planners for management of the current and future municipal water works, land use planning, and associated environmental opportunities and threats.
期刊介绍:
Groundwater for Sustainable Development is directed to different stakeholders and professionals, including government and non-governmental organizations, international funding agencies, universities, public water institutions, public health and other public/private sector professionals, and other relevant institutions. It is aimed at professionals, academics and students in the fields of disciplines such as: groundwater and its connection to surface hydrology and environment, soil sciences, engineering, ecology, microbiology, atmospheric sciences, analytical chemistry, hydro-engineering, water technology, environmental ethics, economics, public health, policy, as well as social sciences, legal disciplines, or any other area connected with water issues. The objectives of this journal are to facilitate: • The improvement of effective and sustainable management of water resources across the globe. • The improvement of human access to groundwater resources in adequate quantity and good quality. • The meeting of the increasing demand for drinking and irrigation water needed for food security to contribute to a social and economically sound human development. • The creation of a global inter- and multidisciplinary platform and forum to improve our understanding of groundwater resources and to advocate their effective and sustainable management and protection against contamination. • Interdisciplinary information exchange and to stimulate scientific research in the fields of groundwater related sciences and social and health sciences required to achieve the United Nations Millennium Development Goals for sustainable development.