Metal–organic framework–based heterojunctions for photocatalysis

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted much attention in photocatalysis due to their unique molecular architecture and diverse composition, where the performance can be effectively enhanced by the construction of heterojunctions. In this review, we summarize the recent progress of MOF-based photocatalysts with traditional heterojunctions (e.g. type I, type II, and p-n type) as well as Z- and S-scheme and even multicomponent heterojunctions, where the advantages and disadvantages of these heterojunctions in their photocatalytic applications toward environmental remediation and energy conversion are critically discussed. The review is concluded with a perspective for the further development of high-performance photocatalysts based on deliberate heterojunction engineering of MOF materials.