Yanlin Xue, Nier Wu, Na Na, Juanjuan Sun, Lin Sun, Moge Qili, Dongyang Li, E. Li, Baozhu Yang
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Gas and GHG production rapidly increased in CK during the first 3 days and in L1 and L2 during the first day and then decreased (<i>P</i> < 0.05), and these values were higher in CK than in L1 and L2 from d 1 to d 35 (<i>P</i> < 0.05), with the peak production of gas and GHG observed at d 6 in CK and at d 3 in L1 and L2. Gas and GHG production were positively correlated with the count of Coliforms and the abundances of <i>Enterobacter</i>, <i>Klebsiella</i>, and <i>Atlantibacter</i> from d 0 to 6 (<i>P</i> < 0.05) but were negatively correlated with the abundances of <i>Lentilactobacillus</i>, <i>Lactiplantibacillus</i>, and <i>Lacticaseibacillus</i> from d 1 to 35 (<i>P</i> < 0.05). L1 and L2 had increasing pH and acetic acid (AA) and decreasing lactic acid after d 15 (<i>P</i> < 0.05). <i>Lentilactobacillus</i> in L1 and L2 dominated the bacterial communities from d 35 to 90 and correlated positively with pH and AA, and negatively with LA from d 6 to 90 (<i>P</i> < 0.05). FWL had a positive correlation with gas and GHG from d 1 to 35 (<i>P</i> < 0.05). The ensiling fermentation process can be divided into gas accumulation and reduction phases. Inoculation with LAB reduced gas and GHG production. The activities of enterobacteria were the main contributors to gas and GHG accumulation. <i>Lentilactobacillus</i> activity mainly caused deterioration of fermentation quality during the late fermentation phase. The GHGs generated in silage contributed to the FWL during fermentation.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\n<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2000,"publicationDate":"2024-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-024-00606-9","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Dynamics of gas and greenhouse gases production during fermentation of barley silage with lactic acid bacteria\",\"authors\":\"Yanlin Xue, Nier Wu, Na Na, Juanjuan Sun, Lin Sun, Moge Qili, Dongyang Li, E. Li, Baozhu Yang\",\"doi\":\"10.1186/s40538-024-00606-9\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>Greenhouse gases (GHGs) are generated during fermentation in silages, especially in barley silage. However, little is known regarding the dynamics of GHG production in silages during fermentation. In the present study, GHG accumulation and reduction were assessed in barley silage. Barley was harvested at the milk stage and ensiled without (CK) or with two commercial lactic acid bacterial (LAB) additives (L1 or L2). Gas and GHG (CO<sub>2</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O, and CH<sub>4</sub>) production, fermentation quality, fermentation weight loss (FWL), and bacterial communities were analyzed at d 0, 1, 3, 6, 15, 35, and 90 after ensiling. Gas and GHG production rapidly increased in CK during the first 3 days and in L1 and L2 during the first day and then decreased (<i>P</i> < 0.05), and these values were higher in CK than in L1 and L2 from d 1 to d 35 (<i>P</i> < 0.05), with the peak production of gas and GHG observed at d 6 in CK and at d 3 in L1 and L2. Gas and GHG production were positively correlated with the count of Coliforms and the abundances of <i>Enterobacter</i>, <i>Klebsiella</i>, and <i>Atlantibacter</i> from d 0 to 6 (<i>P</i> < 0.05) but were negatively correlated with the abundances of <i>Lentilactobacillus</i>, <i>Lactiplantibacillus</i>, and <i>Lacticaseibacillus</i> from d 1 to 35 (<i>P</i> < 0.05). L1 and L2 had increasing pH and acetic acid (AA) and decreasing lactic acid after d 15 (<i>P</i> < 0.05). <i>Lentilactobacillus</i> in L1 and L2 dominated the bacterial communities from d 35 to 90 and correlated positively with pH and AA, and negatively with LA from d 6 to 90 (<i>P</i> < 0.05). 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Dynamics of gas and greenhouse gases production during fermentation of barley silage with lactic acid bacteria
Greenhouse gases (GHGs) are generated during fermentation in silages, especially in barley silage. However, little is known regarding the dynamics of GHG production in silages during fermentation. In the present study, GHG accumulation and reduction were assessed in barley silage. Barley was harvested at the milk stage and ensiled without (CK) or with two commercial lactic acid bacterial (LAB) additives (L1 or L2). Gas and GHG (CO2, N2O, and CH4) production, fermentation quality, fermentation weight loss (FWL), and bacterial communities were analyzed at d 0, 1, 3, 6, 15, 35, and 90 after ensiling. Gas and GHG production rapidly increased in CK during the first 3 days and in L1 and L2 during the first day and then decreased (P < 0.05), and these values were higher in CK than in L1 and L2 from d 1 to d 35 (P < 0.05), with the peak production of gas and GHG observed at d 6 in CK and at d 3 in L1 and L2. Gas and GHG production were positively correlated with the count of Coliforms and the abundances of Enterobacter, Klebsiella, and Atlantibacter from d 0 to 6 (P < 0.05) but were negatively correlated with the abundances of Lentilactobacillus, Lactiplantibacillus, and Lacticaseibacillus from d 1 to 35 (P < 0.05). L1 and L2 had increasing pH and acetic acid (AA) and decreasing lactic acid after d 15 (P < 0.05). Lentilactobacillus in L1 and L2 dominated the bacterial communities from d 35 to 90 and correlated positively with pH and AA, and negatively with LA from d 6 to 90 (P < 0.05). FWL had a positive correlation with gas and GHG from d 1 to 35 (P < 0.05). The ensiling fermentation process can be divided into gas accumulation and reduction phases. Inoculation with LAB reduced gas and GHG production. The activities of enterobacteria were the main contributors to gas and GHG accumulation. Lentilactobacillus activity mainly caused deterioration of fermentation quality during the late fermentation phase. The GHGs generated in silage contributed to the FWL during fermentation.
期刊介绍：
Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture is an international, interdisciplinary, peer-reviewed forum for the advancement and application to all fields of agriculture of modern chemical, biochemical and molecular technologies. The scope of this journal includes chemical and biochemical processes aimed to increase sustainable agricultural and food production, the evaluation of quality and origin of raw primary products and their transformation into foods and chemicals, as well as environmental monitoring and remediation. Of special interest are the effects of chemical and biochemical technologies, also at the nano and supramolecular scale, on the relationships between soil, plants, microorganisms and their environment, with the help of modern bioinformatics. Another special focus is the use of modern bioorganic and biological chemistry to develop new technologies for plant nutrition and bio-stimulation, advancement of biorefineries from biomasses, safe and traceable food products, carbon storage in soil and plants and restoration of contaminated soils to agriculture.
This journal presents the first opportunity to bring together researchers from a wide number of disciplines within the agricultural chemical and biological sciences, from both industry and academia. The principle aim of Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture is to allow the exchange of the most advanced chemical and biochemical knowledge to develop technologies which address one of the most pressing challenges of our times - sustaining a growing world population.
Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture publishes original research articles, short letters and invited reviews. Articles from scientists in industry, academia as well as private research institutes, non-governmental and environmental organizations are encouraged.
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