基于全球统一轻型汽车测试程序制动循环的测功机实验中乘用车制动器的制动磨损和空气中颗粒物质量排放量

Hiroyuki Hagino
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摘要

众所周知,制动磨损颗粒是非排气颗粒物的主要成分,其排放量因制动总成的类型和车辆规格而异。在这项研究中,使用目前的商用原装制动器总成,在实际车辆行驶和全摩擦制动条件下测量了制动器磨损和磨损颗粒的质量排放。尽管不同冷却空气流速下的 PM10 或 PM2.5 排放量没有明显差异,但随着冷却空气流速的增加,制动磨损减少,超细颗粒(PM0.12)排放增加。对过滤介质进行了颗粒质量测量,通过化学成分分析确定了制动磨损颗粒质量排放的来源。制动磨损颗粒中的铁浓度表明,主要来源于制动盘磨损。这项研究采用了测量制动磨损和磨损颗粒排放的系统方法,能够确定制动摩擦材料中元素组成的相关性,从而加深了我们对制动磨损和磨损颗粒排放的机械现象的理解。
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Brake Wear and Airborne Particle Mass Emissions from Passenger Car Brakes in Dynamometer Experiments Based on the Worldwide Harmonized Light-Duty Vehicle Test Procedure Brake Cycle
Brake wear particles, as the major component of non-exhaust particulate matter, are known to have different emissions, depending on the type of brake assembly and the specifications of the vehicle. In this study, brake wear and wear particle mass emissions were measured under realistic vehicle driving and full friction braking conditions using current commercial genuine brake assemblies. Although there were no significant differences in either PM10 or PM2.5 emissions between the different cooling air flow rates, brake wear decreased and ultrafine particle (PM0.12) emissions increased with the increase in the cooling air flow rate. Particle mass measurements were collected on filter media, allowing chemical composition analysis to identify the source of brake wear particle mass emissions. The iron concentration in the brake wear particles indicated that the main contribution was derived from disc wear. Using a systematic approach that measured brake wear and wear particle emissions, this study was able to characterize correlations with elemental compositions in brake friction materials, adding to our understanding of the mechanical phenomena of brake wear and wear particle emissions.
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