Investigation of pesticide residues based on integrated multi-strategy: Occurrence, fate and dietary risk assessment

To gain a comprehensive overview of the risk of pesticide intake exposure posed by vegetables from farms, a joint multi-strategy of pesticide monitoring was conducted on vegetable and edible mushroom samples from planting bases. The strategy integrated traditional methods and non-targeted screening by proposing modified rapid standard pre-treatment methods combined with GC, HPLC-MS and HPLC-HRMS for screening and quantification of known pesticides and unknowns. The results showed that 40 pesticides were detected at different levels in 308 samples by targeted monitoring and 27 pesticides were confirmed by non-targeted screening, of which 8 samples were detected at levels exceeding the defined maximum residue limits. The risk of acute and chronic dietary exposure for the detected pesticides in eleven groups of vegetables was acceptable. Comparative analysis of targeted and multi-strategies revealed that farm-based cultivation can improve the quality and safety of non-certified products, and pesticides with low ADIs confirmed via the multi-joint risk monitoring strategy will significantly increase the risk of cumulative chronic dietary exposure. These results will help to improve the quality and safety of agricultural products at the source and the monitoring and management of pesticides in planting bases.