Is personal recovery a transdiagnostic concept? Testing the fit of the CHIME framework using narrative experiences.

Background: Personal recovery is operationalized in the CHIME framework (connectedness, hope, identity, meaning in life, and empowerment) of recovery processes. CHIME was initially developed through analysis of experiences of people mainly with psychosis, but it might also be valid for investigating recovery in mood-related, autism and other diagnoses.

Aims: To examine whether personal recovery is transdiagnostic by studying narrative experiences in several diagnostic groups.

Methods: Thirty recovery narratives, retrieved from "Psychiatry Story Bank" (PSB) in the Netherlands, were analyzed by three coders using CHIME as a deductive framework. New codes were assigned using an inductive approach and member checks were performed after consensus was reached.

Results: All five CHIME dimensions were richly reported in the narratives, independent of diagnosis. Seven new domains were identified, such as "acknowledgement by diagnosis" and "gaining self-insight". These new domains were evaluated to fit well as subdomains within the original CHIME framework. On average, 54.2% of all narrative content was classified as experienced difficulties.

Conclusions: Recovery stories from different diagnostic perspectives fit well into the CHIME framework, implying that personal recovery is a transdiagnostic concept. Difficulties should not be ignored in the context of personal recovery based on its substantial presence in the recovery narratives.