北极西伯利亚 Khatyspyt 地层的有机地球化学、沉积学和古生物学:迈向埃迪卡拉生物形成的综合视角

IF 3.2 2区 地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Precambrian Research Pub Date : 2024-06-25 DOI:10.1016/j.precamres.2024.107460
Dmitry Melnik , Tatyana Parfenova , Vladimir Rogov , Jan-Peter Duda , Dmitriy Grazhdankin
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引用次数: 0

摘要

北极西伯利亚的埃迪卡拉末期 Khatyspyt Lagerstätte(约 550-544 Ma)一直是地球生物学研究的主要目标。以前的证据表明,埃迪卡拉宏观软体生物可能对沉积过程和各种环境因素(如水柱分层和海水氧化还原条件)高度敏感。通过整合 Khatyspyt Formation 的有机地球化学、沉积学和古生物学,我们确定了三个生物层。最邻近的 Longifuniculum 生物群落由外侧至中侧斜坡碎屑流沉积组成,其特点是生物分类多样性高,生物标志物代用指标指向非分层非复新水柱。最远端的 Aspidella 生物成因包括外斜薄层钙质浊积岩,也具有很高的生物分类多样性,但相关的生物标志物代用指标提供了一个分层的流新环境的证据。介于两者之间的是由外斜至中斜坡碎屑流沉积组成的Nenoxites生物层,其特点是生物分类多样性较低,生物标志物代用指标表明存在氧化还原不稳定性。这种系统模式表明,埃迪卡拉生物的分布受到了异质氧化还原景观的影响。更具体地说,底栖软体生物(包括标志性的 Charnia masoni)的多样性最高,出现在分层的厄西尼环境中,而大型藻类的多样性最高,出现在非分层环境中。复杂的埃迪卡拉群落出现在分层缺氧环境中表明,缺氧可能推动了生物的生态分化,异质和动态的氧化还原景观在早期动物进化中的重要性远远超出了迄今为止的认识。
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Organic geochemistry, sedimentology and palaeontology of the Khatyspyt Formation, Arctic Siberia: Towards an integrated view of Ediacaran biofacies

The terminal Ediacaran Khatyspyt Lagerstätte (ca. 550–544 Ma) of Arctic Siberia has been a prime target for geobiological research. Previous evidence suggested that Ediacaran macroscopic soft-bodied organisms could be highly sensitive to sedimentary processes and various environmental factors such as water column stratification and seawater redox-conditions. By integrating organic geochemistry, sedimentology, and palaeontology of the Khatyspyt Formation, we identified three biofacies. The most proximal Longifuniculum biofacies consists of outer- to mid-ramp debris flow deposits and is characterised by a high taxonomic diversity and biomarker proxies pointing to a non-stratified non-euxinic water column. The most distal Aspidella biofacies comprises outer-ramp thin-bedded calcareous turbidites and is also marked by a high taxonomic diversity, although the associated biomarker proxies provide evidence for a stratified euxinic environment. Transient between those is the Nenoxites biofacies, consisting of outer- to mid-ramp debris flow deposits and characterised by a low taxonomic diversity, with biomarker proxies indicating redox instability. This systematic pattern suggests that the distribution of Ediacaran organisms was influenced by a heterogenous redox landscape. More specifically, the highest diversity of benthic soft-bodied organisms, including the iconic Charnia masoni, appears in stratified euxinic environments, while the highest diversity of macroalgae is found in non-stratified settings. The occurrence of a complex Ediacaran community in a stratified euxinic environment suggests that anoxia might have driven ecological differentiation of organisms, and that heterogeneous and dynamic redox landscapes were far more significant in early animal evolution than hitherto appreciated.

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来源期刊
Precambrian Research
Precambrian Research 地学-地球科学综合
CiteScore
7.20
自引率
28.90%
发文量
325
审稿时长
12 months
期刊介绍: Precambrian Research publishes studies on all aspects of the early stages of the composition, structure and evolution of the Earth and its planetary neighbours. With a focus on process-oriented and comparative studies, it covers, but is not restricted to, subjects such as: (1) Chemical, biological, biochemical and cosmochemical evolution; the origin of life; the evolution of the oceans and atmosphere; the early fossil record; palaeobiology; (2) Geochronology and isotope and elemental geochemistry; (3) Precambrian mineral deposits; (4) Geophysical aspects of the early Earth and Precambrian terrains; (5) Nature, formation and evolution of the Precambrian lithosphere and mantle including magmatic, depositional, metamorphic and tectonic processes. In addition, the editors particularly welcome integrated process-oriented studies that involve a combination of the above fields and comparative studies that demonstrate the effect of Precambrian evolution on Phanerozoic earth system processes. Regional and localised studies of Precambrian phenomena are considered appropriate only when the detail and quality allow illustration of a wider process, or when significant gaps in basic knowledge of a particular area can be filled.
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