{"title":"脂肪、蛋白质和温度都有助于减少辣椒素的口腔燃烧。","authors":"Justin Gaiser, John E. Hayes","doi":"10.1111/1750-3841.17221","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>It is widely accepted that milk provides the greatest relief from capsaicin burn, an effect typically attributed to its fat content and temperature. Previously, Lawless et al. reported partitioning lipophilic capsaicin in fat reduces burn, whereas Green showed lower temperature reduces burn. Recent research shows that dairy and nondairy proteins also reduce capsaicin burn, suggesting that multiple factors reduce oral burn from chilies. Here, we investigated the effectiveness of palate cleansers with varied viscosities, temperatures, and sugar, fat, and protein content. Specifically, we tested ice cream, Italian ice, yogurt, lassi, cold water (4°C), and warm water (37°C). Participants rinsed with a 5 ppm capsaicin solution, followed by a palate cleanser, before rating burn intensity continuously for 2 min on a general Labeled Magnitude Scale. Inspection of the time–intensity (TI) curves revealed all palate cleansers performed better than warm water. Italian ice performed on par with cold water, which did better than yogurt. Pairwise comparisons showed that ice cream and lassi had significantly lower burn ratings at some time points relative to warm or cold water. We extracted scaffolding parameters for each TI curve, finding that ice cream and lassi had the lowest areas-under-the-curve and the greatest percent decrease from their maxima, with ice cream performing slightly better in both parameters. These data support the view that it is not just one characteristic of a product, but rather a combination of product factors that reduce oral burn, including fat content, protein content, and temperature. More research is required to determine the relative weight of these factors in combination, given the multiple mechanisms underlying burn reduction.</p>","PeriodicalId":193,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2000,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1750-3841.17221","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Fat, protein, and temperature each contribute to reductions in capsaicin oral burn\",\"authors\":\"Justin Gaiser, John E. Hayes\",\"doi\":\"10.1111/1750-3841.17221\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p>It is widely accepted that milk provides the greatest relief from capsaicin burn, an effect typically attributed to its fat content and temperature. Previously, Lawless et al. reported partitioning lipophilic capsaicin in fat reduces burn, whereas Green showed lower temperature reduces burn. Recent research shows that dairy and nondairy proteins also reduce capsaicin burn, suggesting that multiple factors reduce oral burn from chilies. Here, we investigated the effectiveness of palate cleansers with varied viscosities, temperatures, and sugar, fat, and protein content. Specifically, we tested ice cream, Italian ice, yogurt, lassi, cold water (4°C), and warm water (37°C). Participants rinsed with a 5 ppm capsaicin solution, followed by a palate cleanser, before rating burn intensity continuously for 2 min on a general Labeled Magnitude Scale. Inspection of the time–intensity (TI) curves revealed all palate cleansers performed better than warm water. Italian ice performed on par with cold water, which did better than yogurt. Pairwise comparisons showed that ice cream and lassi had significantly lower burn ratings at some time points relative to warm or cold water. We extracted scaffolding parameters for each TI curve, finding that ice cream and lassi had the lowest areas-under-the-curve and the greatest percent decrease from their maxima, with ice cream performing slightly better in both parameters. These data support the view that it is not just one characteristic of a product, but rather a combination of product factors that reduce oral burn, including fat content, protein content, and temperature. More research is required to determine the relative weight of these factors in combination, given the multiple mechanisms underlying burn reduction.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":193,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journal of Food Science\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":3.2000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-07-02\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1750-3841.17221\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journal of Food Science\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"97\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1750-3841.17221\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"农林科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Food Science","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1750-3841.17221","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
人们普遍认为,牛奶能最大程度地缓解辣椒素灼伤,这种效果通常归因于牛奶中的脂肪含量和温度。此前,Lawless 等人报告称,将亲脂性辣椒素分装在脂肪中可减轻灼烧感,而 Green 则显示较低的温度可减轻灼烧感。最近的研究表明,乳制品和非乳制品蛋白质也会降低辣椒素的灼烧感,这表明多种因素会降低辣椒的口腔灼烧感。在这里,我们研究了不同粘度、温度以及糖、脂肪和蛋白质含量的口腔清洁剂的效果。具体来说,我们测试了冰淇淋、意大利冰、酸奶、拉丝、冷水(4°C)和温水(37°C)。参与者先用百万分之 5 的辣椒素溶液冲洗,再用口腔清洁剂清洗,然后在一般标签量表上连续 2 分钟评定灼烧强度。时间-强度(TI)曲线显示,所有洁厕液的表现都优于温水。意大利冰的表现与冷水相当,而冷水的表现优于酸奶。配对比较显示,冰淇淋和拉丝在某些时间点的灼烧评分明显低于温水或冷水。我们提取了每条 TI 曲线的支架参数,发现冰淇淋和拉丝的曲线下面积最小,从最大值开始的下降百分比最大,而冰淇淋在这两个参数上都略胜一筹。这些数据支持了这样一种观点,即降低口腔燃烧的不仅仅是产品的一种特性,而是产品因素的组合,包括脂肪含量、蛋白质含量和温度。考虑到减少燃烧的多重机制,还需要更多的研究来确定这些因素在组合中的相对权重。
Fat, protein, and temperature each contribute to reductions in capsaicin oral burn
It is widely accepted that milk provides the greatest relief from capsaicin burn, an effect typically attributed to its fat content and temperature. Previously, Lawless et al. reported partitioning lipophilic capsaicin in fat reduces burn, whereas Green showed lower temperature reduces burn. Recent research shows that dairy and nondairy proteins also reduce capsaicin burn, suggesting that multiple factors reduce oral burn from chilies. Here, we investigated the effectiveness of palate cleansers with varied viscosities, temperatures, and sugar, fat, and protein content. Specifically, we tested ice cream, Italian ice, yogurt, lassi, cold water (4°C), and warm water (37°C). Participants rinsed with a 5 ppm capsaicin solution, followed by a palate cleanser, before rating burn intensity continuously for 2 min on a general Labeled Magnitude Scale. Inspection of the time–intensity (TI) curves revealed all palate cleansers performed better than warm water. Italian ice performed on par with cold water, which did better than yogurt. Pairwise comparisons showed that ice cream and lassi had significantly lower burn ratings at some time points relative to warm or cold water. We extracted scaffolding parameters for each TI curve, finding that ice cream and lassi had the lowest areas-under-the-curve and the greatest percent decrease from their maxima, with ice cream performing slightly better in both parameters. These data support the view that it is not just one characteristic of a product, but rather a combination of product factors that reduce oral burn, including fat content, protein content, and temperature. More research is required to determine the relative weight of these factors in combination, given the multiple mechanisms underlying burn reduction.
期刊介绍:
The goal of the Journal of Food Science is to offer scientists, researchers, and other food professionals the opportunity to share knowledge of scientific advancements in the myriad disciplines affecting their work, through a respected peer-reviewed publication. The Journal of Food Science serves as an international forum for vital research and developments in food science.
The range of topics covered in the journal include:
-Concise Reviews and Hypotheses in Food Science
-New Horizons in Food Research
-Integrated Food Science
-Food Chemistry
-Food Engineering, Materials Science, and Nanotechnology
-Food Microbiology and Safety
-Sensory and Consumer Sciences
-Health, Nutrition, and Food
-Toxicology and Chemical Food Safety
The Journal of Food Science publishes peer-reviewed articles that cover all aspects of food science, including safety and nutrition. Reviews should be 15 to 50 typewritten pages (including tables, figures, and references), should provide in-depth coverage of a narrowly defined topic, and should embody careful evaluation (weaknesses, strengths, explanation of discrepancies in results among similar studies) of all pertinent studies, so that insightful interpretations and conclusions can be presented. Hypothesis papers are especially appropriate in pioneering areas of research or important areas that are afflicted by scientific controversy.