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引用次数: 0
摘要
类胡萝卜素是自然界中大量存在的黄色和红色色素,在人体生理的各个方面发挥着重要作用。类胡萝卜素是视觉中的重要分子,具有抗氧化和过滤视网膜中蓝光的功能。此外,类胡萝卜素还是维生素 A 的天然前体,而维生素 A 是合成视觉发色团视黄醛和视黄酸(一种调节基因表达的小分子)不可或缺的物质。类胡萝卜素和视黄酸含量不足分别与老年性黄斑变性和干眼症有关。然而,眼睛维持类胡萝卜素和类视黄醇平衡的机制一直是个谜。最近的突破性研究发现了参与这一过程的分子角色,并为了解它们的功能提供了宝贵的生化信息。相应基因的突变会破坏类胡萝卜素和类视黄醇的平衡,导致视觉系统病变。本综述旨在巩固我们目前对这些途径的理解,包括其调控原理。
The Absorption, Storage, and Transport of Ocular Carotenoids and Retinoids.
Carotenoids, yellow and red pigments found abundantly in nature, play essential roles in various aspects of human physiology. They serve as critical molecules in vision by functioning as antioxidants and as filters for blue light within the retina. Furthermore, carotenoids are the natural precursors of vitamin A, which is indispensable for the synthesis of retinaldehyde, the visual chromophore, and retinoic acid, a small molecule that regulates gene expression. Insufficient levels of carotenoids and retinoids have been linked to age-related macular degeneration and xerophthalmia, respectively. Nevertheless, the mechanisms by which the eye maintains carotenoid and retinoid homeostasis have remained a mystery. Recent breakthroughs identified the molecular players involved in this process and provided valuable biochemical insights into their functioning. Mutations in the corresponding genes disrupt the homeostasis of carotenoids and retinoids, leading to visual system pathologies. This review aims to consolidate our current understanding of these pathways, including their regulatory principles.
期刊介绍:
The Annual Review of Vision Science reviews progress in the visual sciences, a cross-cutting set of disciplines which intersect psychology, neuroscience, computer science, cell biology and genetics, and clinical medicine. The journal covers a broad range of topics and techniques, including optics, retina, central visual processing, visual perception, eye movements, visual development, vision models, computer vision, and the mechanisms of visual disease, dysfunction, and sight restoration. The study of vision is central to progress in many areas of science, and this new journal will explore and expose the connections that link it to biology, behavior, computation, engineering, and medicine.