{"title":"通过单光子响应解卷积强调来自锗酸铋的切伦科夫光子","authors":"Ryosuke Ota;Kibo Ote","doi":"10.1109/TRPMS.2024.3403959","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Bismuth germanate (BGO) has been receiving attention again because it is a potential scintillator for future time-of-flight positron emission tomography. Owing to its optical properties, BGO emits a relatively large number of Cherenkov photons after 511-keV gamma-ray interactions, which can enable good coincidence time resolution (CTR). Nonetheless, optimally exploiting the Cherenkov emissions can be confounded by scintillation emissions. Thus, we propose a method efficiently emphasizing Cherenkov photon from a detector waveform by deconvolving a single photon response of photodetector. As a proof-of-concept, we perform the deconvolution, and a probability density function (PDF) of BGO was obtained, which is compared to a conventional time correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) method. Furthermore, we investigate if the proposed deconvolution can emphasize a faint Cherenkov signal. Consequently, the PDF obtained by the proposed deconvolution shows a good agreement with that obtained using a conventional TCSPC methods. A CTR obtained using the proposed deconvolution is improved by 12% and 43% in full width at half maximum compared to a voltage-based leading edge discriminator for with and without high-frequency readout electronics, respectively. Thus, the proposed deconvolution method can efficiently emphasize Cherenkov photon by lowering the threshold level and improve the timing performance of BGO-based detectors.","PeriodicalId":46807,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Radiation and Plasma Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6000,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Emphasizing Cherenkov Photons From Bismuth Germanate by Single Photon Response Deconvolution\",\"authors\":\"Ryosuke Ota;Kibo Ote\",\"doi\":\"10.1109/TRPMS.2024.3403959\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"Bismuth germanate (BGO) has been receiving attention again because it is a potential scintillator for future time-of-flight positron emission tomography. Owing to its optical properties, BGO emits a relatively large number of Cherenkov photons after 511-keV gamma-ray interactions, which can enable good coincidence time resolution (CTR). Nonetheless, optimally exploiting the Cherenkov emissions can be confounded by scintillation emissions. Thus, we propose a method efficiently emphasizing Cherenkov photon from a detector waveform by deconvolving a single photon response of photodetector. As a proof-of-concept, we perform the deconvolution, and a probability density function (PDF) of BGO was obtained, which is compared to a conventional time correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) method. Furthermore, we investigate if the proposed deconvolution can emphasize a faint Cherenkov signal. Consequently, the PDF obtained by the proposed deconvolution shows a good agreement with that obtained using a conventional TCSPC methods. A CTR obtained using the proposed deconvolution is improved by 12% and 43% in full width at half maximum compared to a voltage-based leading edge discriminator for with and without high-frequency readout electronics, respectively. Thus, the proposed deconvolution method can efficiently emphasize Cherenkov photon by lowering the threshold level and improve the timing performance of BGO-based detectors.\",\"PeriodicalId\":46807,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"IEEE Transactions on Radiation and Plasma Medical Sciences\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":4.6000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-03-22\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"IEEE Transactions on Radiation and Plasma Medical Sciences\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10537043/\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"RADIOLOGY, NUCLEAR MEDICINE & MEDICAL IMAGING\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"IEEE Transactions on Radiation and Plasma Medical Sciences","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10537043/","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"RADIOLOGY, NUCLEAR MEDICINE & MEDICAL IMAGING","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
锗酸铋(BGO)再次受到关注,因为它是未来飞行时间正电子发射断层扫描的潜在闪烁体。由于其光学特性,锗酸铋在与 511-keV 伽马射线相互作用后会发出相对较多的切伦科夫光子,从而实现良好的重合时间分辨率(CTR)。然而,最佳利用切伦科夫发射可能会受到闪烁发射的干扰。因此,我们提出了一种方法,通过对光电探测器的单光子响应进行解卷积,从探测器波形中有效地强调切伦科夫光子。作为概念验证,我们进行了解卷积,得到了 BGO 的概率密度函数(PDF),并与传统的时间相关单光子计数(TCSPC)方法进行了比较。此外,我们还研究了拟议的解卷积是否能突出微弱的切伦科夫信号。结果表明,拟议解卷积得到的 PDF 与传统 TCSPC 方法得到的 PDF 非常吻合。与基于电压的前沿鉴别器相比,在有高频读出电子设备和无高频读出电子设备的情况下,利用拟议解卷积法获得的 CTR 在半最大全宽方面分别提高了 12% 和 43%。因此,建议的解卷积方法可以通过降低阈值水平有效地强调切伦科夫光子,并改善基于 BGO 的探测器的计时性能。
Emphasizing Cherenkov Photons From Bismuth Germanate by Single Photon Response Deconvolution
Bismuth germanate (BGO) has been receiving attention again because it is a potential scintillator for future time-of-flight positron emission tomography. Owing to its optical properties, BGO emits a relatively large number of Cherenkov photons after 511-keV gamma-ray interactions, which can enable good coincidence time resolution (CTR). Nonetheless, optimally exploiting the Cherenkov emissions can be confounded by scintillation emissions. Thus, we propose a method efficiently emphasizing Cherenkov photon from a detector waveform by deconvolving a single photon response of photodetector. As a proof-of-concept, we perform the deconvolution, and a probability density function (PDF) of BGO was obtained, which is compared to a conventional time correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) method. Furthermore, we investigate if the proposed deconvolution can emphasize a faint Cherenkov signal. Consequently, the PDF obtained by the proposed deconvolution shows a good agreement with that obtained using a conventional TCSPC methods. A CTR obtained using the proposed deconvolution is improved by 12% and 43% in full width at half maximum compared to a voltage-based leading edge discriminator for with and without high-frequency readout electronics, respectively. Thus, the proposed deconvolution method can efficiently emphasize Cherenkov photon by lowering the threshold level and improve the timing performance of BGO-based detectors.