揭示健康人、猫和犬唾液中的微生物群落特征,寻找物种特异性微生物。

IF 2.2 3区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, LEGAL International Journal of Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-10 DOI:10.1007/s00414-024-03277-1
Shuyan Mei, Meiming Cai, Fanzhang Lei, Xi Wang, Xi Yuan, Yifeng Lin, Bofeng Zhu
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引用次数: 0

摘要

作为两种越来越受欢迎的宠物,与法医中常见的体液类型相比,猫或犬的唾液最有可能遗留在犯罪现场。准确鉴定犯罪现场发现的宠物唾液样本的种类,有助于侦查人员找到可用的检验材料,减少试剂消耗,节省案件侦查时间。因此,探讨猫、犬和人类唾液微生物组的特征和差异是十分必要的。本研究采用 16S rRNA 基因扩增片段测序技术揭示了健康人、猫和犬唾液样本的微生物群落。阿尔法多样性分析表明,犬唾液的微生物多样性最高,其次是猫唾液,而人类唾液的微生物多样性最低。三个物种的唾液样本都有各自独特的微生物群落组成,犬唾液和猫唾液的优势菌系是变形菌和类杆菌,而人类唾液的优势菌系是固缩菌和变形菌。两种采集方法(棉签和唾液)获得的唾液微生物群在统计学上没有明显差异。猫和犬的性别可能对唾液微生物群没有影响,但不同品种的猫和犬对其唾液微生物群有影响。主坐标分析、非度量多维缩放分析和随机森林分析都表明,这三种动物的微生物群落结构存在显著差异,因此可以通过微生物组方法推断唾液样本的物种来源。利用多种生物信息学分析方法筛选出了三种物种唾液的差异微生物生物标志物,结果表明黑色素前驱菌、副猪嗜血杆菌和副流感嗜血杆菌可作为人类唾液的物种特异性微生物生物标志物。人类物种特异性微生物的检测为人类唾液的测定提供了一种潜在的方法。
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Revealing microbial community characteristics in healthy human, cat and canine salivas and looking for species-specific microbes.

As two kinds of increasingly popular pets, the saliva of cat or canine is most likely to be left at the crime scene compared with the common types of body fluids in forensics. Accurately identifying the species of saliva samples found at the crime scene involving pets will help the investigators find available testing materials, reduce the consumption of reagents and save the investigative time of the case. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the characteristics and differences of saliva microbiomes of cat, canine and human. In this study, 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing technology was used to reveal microbial communities of saliva samples of healthy human, cat, and canine. Alpha diversity analyses indicated that canine saliva demonstrated the highest microbial diversity, followed by cat saliva, whereas human saliva microbial diversity was the lowest. The saliva samples of the three species all had their own unique microbial community compositions, and the dominant phyla of canine and cat salivas were Proteobacteria and Bacteroidete, while the dominant phyla of human saliva were Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. There was no significant statistical difference in the salivary microbiota obtained by the two collection methods (cotton swab and liquid saliva). The gender of cats and canines might have no effect on the salivary microbiota, but the different breeds had an impact on their saliva microbiomes. Principal coordinates analysis, non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis and random forest analysis all indicated significant differences in microbial community structures among the three species, allowing inference on the species sources of saliva samples by microbiome method. Differential microbial biomarkers for the salivas of three species were screened out using a variety of bioinformatics analyses, and the results demonstrated that Prevotella melaninogenica, Veillonella parvula, and Haemophilus parainfluenzae could be used as species-specific microbial biomarkers of human saliva. The detections of human species-specific microbes provide a potential method for determining human saliva.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
5.80
自引率
9.50%
发文量
165
审稿时长
1 months
期刊介绍: The International Journal of Legal Medicine aims to improve the scientific resources used in the elucidation of crime and related forensic applications at a high level of evidential proof. The journal offers review articles tracing development in specific areas, with up-to-date analysis; original articles discussing significant recent research results; case reports describing interesting and exceptional examples; population data; letters to the editors; and technical notes, which appear in a section originally created for rapid publication of data in the dynamic field of DNA analysis.
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