采用超导直流场绕组和传统导体交流绕组的飞机发动机

S S Kalsi, J G Storey, G Lumsden, R A Badcock
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摘要

许多机构都在为飞机应用开发结构紧凑、重量轻的高效旋转机器。这些机器包括用于励磁的永久磁铁和带或不带超导绕组的铁芯。空芯(无磁铁)机器有可能成为最轻便、最高效的机器。这种机器可以在直流励磁磁场线圈和交流电枢线圈中使用超导体,这需要正在开发的导体,如 MgB2 和 Bi2212。如果飞机上有液氢 (LH2) 并可用作冷却剂,那么就可以开发使用传统导体(如铜、铝和高导电率铝)制成的交流电枢线圈的机器。本文介绍了一种 3 兆瓦、转速为 4,500 RPM 的电机的概念设计,该电机的直流励磁磁场线圈使用 REBCO CORC 导体,交流电枢线圈使用传统导体 Litz 电缆,由飞机上的 LH2 冷却。转子和定子线圈都装在单独的低温恒温器中。转子上的直流励磁线圈在 40 K 的温度下运行,以便与无刷磁通泵励磁机成功配合。同样,定子交流线圈使用可用的 LH2 进行冷却,以利用传统导体在低温下电阻率较低的优势。比较了采用铜、铝和高导电率铝(Hyper-Al)定子绕组的电机尺寸、质量和损耗。与铜制和铝制机器相比,采用 Hyper-Al 的机器在尺寸、质量和总损耗方面都更小。
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Airplane motors employing superconducting DC field windings and conventional conductor AC windings
Many organizations are developing compact lightweight highly efficient rotating machines for airplane applications. These machines include permanent magnets for excitation and an iron-core with and without superconducting windings. Air-core (no magnetic iron) machines have the potential to be the most lightweight and efficient. Such machines can use superconductors for both DC excitation field coils and AC armature coils, which need conductors under development, like MgB2 and Bi2212. If liquid-hydrogen (LH2) is available on a plane and can be used as a coolant, it becomes feasible to develop machines with AC armature coils made from conventional conductors like copper, aluminium, and high-conductivity aluminium.This paper describes conceptual designs for a 3 MW, 4,500 RPM motor employing REBCO CORC conductor for the DC field coils and conventional conductor Litz cable for the AC armature coils cooled by LH2 available on the plane. Both rotor and stator coils are contained in separate cryostats. The DC excitation coils on the rotor are operated at 40 K to work successfully with a brushless flux pump exciter. Likewise, stator AC coils are cooled with available LH2 to take advantage of the lower resistivity of conventional conductors at cryogenic temperatures. Motor size, mass and losses are compared for stator windings employing copper, aluminium, and high-conductivity aluminium (Hyper-Al). Compared with copper and aluminium machines, the machine employing Hyper-Al has smaller size, mass and total losses.
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