Magdalena Jastrzębska, Marta K. Kostrzewska, Marek Marks
{"title":"波兰巴乌西尼种植系统田间试验 50 多年:从田间施用历史的角度评估土壤和作物中的农药残留量","authors":"Magdalena Jastrzębska, Marta K. Kostrzewska, Marek Marks","doi":"10.1016/j.eja.2024.127270","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Many agricultural problems can be illustrated and solved through long-term field experiments. Since 1967, an experiment has been conducted in Bałcyny, Poland, to compare continuous cropping with growing crops in crop rotation. The experiment also provides information on the history of chemical crop protection, which may have influenced soil and crop contamination with pesticide residues. In this study, fields of winter rye in continuous cropping (CC<sub>rye</sub>) and a 5–6-field crop rotation (CR<sub>rye</sub>) were used as an example to investigate the occurrence of pesticides in soil and grain in the context of previous use of chemical crop protection products. Two levels of crop protection were also examined: herbicide (since the 1972/73 growing season) and fungicide (since 1982/83) application (HF) and control treatment (CT; no herbicides since 1972/73, no fungicides since 1982/83). Insecticides were used only when absolutely necessary. Between 1967 and 2019, 58 different active substances were applied to the fields selected for this study. Soil and grain samples collected in 2019 after rye harvest were analyzed for the presence of 441 and 496 different substances, respectively. Only DDT and its metabolites were detected in soil, even though DDT was not applied to the fields after 1967. The concentration of ΣDDT (sum of all metabolites and isomers) ranged from 038 to 130 µg kg<sup>–1</sup> soil and exceeded the limit set in Poland (120 µg kg<sup>–1</sup>) under CR<sub>rye</sub>-HF treatment. In winter rye grain, no pesticide residues were found. The results show that long-term rational use of less persistent pesticides does not lead to contamination of the soil or the test cereal grain, but DDT continues to threaten the environment five decades after its probable last use. The study points to the value of comprehensive long-term recording for providing a retrospective assessment of pesticide exposure. Long-term field experiments facilitate this approach.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51045,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Agronomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5000,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1161030124001916/pdfft?md5=a2c979bf297f2f26910e8afb69c87abb&pid=1-s2.0-S1161030124001916-main.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Over 50 years of a field experiment on cropping systems in Bałcyny, Poland: Assessing pesticide residues in soil and crops from the perspective of their field application history\",\"authors\":\"Magdalena Jastrzębska, Marta K. Kostrzewska, Marek Marks\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.eja.2024.127270\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>Many agricultural problems can be illustrated and solved through long-term field experiments. Since 1967, an experiment has been conducted in Bałcyny, Poland, to compare continuous cropping with growing crops in crop rotation. The experiment also provides information on the history of chemical crop protection, which may have influenced soil and crop contamination with pesticide residues. In this study, fields of winter rye in continuous cropping (CC<sub>rye</sub>) and a 5–6-field crop rotation (CR<sub>rye</sub>) were used as an example to investigate the occurrence of pesticides in soil and grain in the context of previous use of chemical crop protection products. Two levels of crop protection were also examined: herbicide (since the 1972/73 growing season) and fungicide (since 1982/83) application (HF) and control treatment (CT; no herbicides since 1972/73, no fungicides since 1982/83). Insecticides were used only when absolutely necessary. Between 1967 and 2019, 58 different active substances were applied to the fields selected for this study. Soil and grain samples collected in 2019 after rye harvest were analyzed for the presence of 441 and 496 different substances, respectively. Only DDT and its metabolites were detected in soil, even though DDT was not applied to the fields after 1967. The concentration of ΣDDT (sum of all metabolites and isomers) ranged from 038 to 130 µg kg<sup>–1</sup> soil and exceeded the limit set in Poland (120 µg kg<sup>–1</sup>) under CR<sub>rye</sub>-HF treatment. In winter rye grain, no pesticide residues were found. The results show that long-term rational use of less persistent pesticides does not lead to contamination of the soil or the test cereal grain, but DDT continues to threaten the environment five decades after its probable last use. The study points to the value of comprehensive long-term recording for providing a retrospective assessment of pesticide exposure. Long-term field experiments facilitate this approach.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":51045,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"European Journal of Agronomy\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":4.5000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-07-11\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1161030124001916/pdfft?md5=a2c979bf297f2f26910e8afb69c87abb&pid=1-s2.0-S1161030124001916-main.pdf\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"European Journal of Agronomy\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"97\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1161030124001916\",\"RegionNum\":1,\"RegionCategory\":\"农林科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"AGRONOMY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"European Journal of Agronomy","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1161030124001916","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"AGRONOMY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Over 50 years of a field experiment on cropping systems in Bałcyny, Poland: Assessing pesticide residues in soil and crops from the perspective of their field application history
Many agricultural problems can be illustrated and solved through long-term field experiments. Since 1967, an experiment has been conducted in Bałcyny, Poland, to compare continuous cropping with growing crops in crop rotation. The experiment also provides information on the history of chemical crop protection, which may have influenced soil and crop contamination with pesticide residues. In this study, fields of winter rye in continuous cropping (CCrye) and a 5–6-field crop rotation (CRrye) were used as an example to investigate the occurrence of pesticides in soil and grain in the context of previous use of chemical crop protection products. Two levels of crop protection were also examined: herbicide (since the 1972/73 growing season) and fungicide (since 1982/83) application (HF) and control treatment (CT; no herbicides since 1972/73, no fungicides since 1982/83). Insecticides were used only when absolutely necessary. Between 1967 and 2019, 58 different active substances were applied to the fields selected for this study. Soil and grain samples collected in 2019 after rye harvest were analyzed for the presence of 441 and 496 different substances, respectively. Only DDT and its metabolites were detected in soil, even though DDT was not applied to the fields after 1967. The concentration of ΣDDT (sum of all metabolites and isomers) ranged from 038 to 130 µg kg–1 soil and exceeded the limit set in Poland (120 µg kg–1) under CRrye-HF treatment. In winter rye grain, no pesticide residues were found. The results show that long-term rational use of less persistent pesticides does not lead to contamination of the soil or the test cereal grain, but DDT continues to threaten the environment five decades after its probable last use. The study points to the value of comprehensive long-term recording for providing a retrospective assessment of pesticide exposure. Long-term field experiments facilitate this approach.
期刊介绍:
The European Journal of Agronomy, the official journal of the European Society for Agronomy, publishes original research papers reporting experimental and theoretical contributions to field-based agronomy and crop science. The journal will consider research at the field level for agricultural, horticultural and tree crops, that uses comprehensive and explanatory approaches. The EJA covers the following topics:
crop physiology
crop production and management including irrigation, fertilization and soil management
agroclimatology and modelling
plant-soil relationships
crop quality and post-harvest physiology
farming and cropping systems
agroecosystems and the environment
crop-weed interactions and management
organic farming
horticultural crops
papers from the European Society for Agronomy bi-annual meetings
In determining the suitability of submitted articles for publication, particular scrutiny is placed on the degree of novelty and significance of the research and the extent to which it adds to existing knowledge in agronomy.