{"title":"优化化学氮肥和粪肥的组合可提高旱地小麦的产量和经济效益,同时降低环境风险","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.eja.2024.127272","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Partial substitution of chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer is emerging as a promising measure to achieve sustainable agriculture with high crop yields and low environmental risks. How much synthetic nitrogen fertilizer can be replaced by each unit of organic fertilizer? How to balance the economic benefits against the environmental risks? There is still a lack of long-term field observations to address these challenges. An 8-year field fertilization experiment (initiated in 2014) was conducted using a split-plot design with five nitrogen rates (N: N0, N75, N150, N225, N300) as main plots in combination with two manure rates (M: M0 and M1) as subplots. The results indicated that the grain yield and economic benefits slowly increased or even decreased after the N rate exceeded 150 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>. The N rate required for M1 to reach the highest yield of M0 was 105 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>, which was 123 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> less than the 228 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> required for that of the M0. At this point, each ton of manure can replace 4.1 kg of synthetic N. Manure application considerably increased the net economic benefit by 10.2 %. The nitrate residue in the 0−200-cm soil layer sharply increased with the N rate, particularly when the N rate exceeded 150 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>. An N rate exceeding 150 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> was more likely to cause nitrate leaching to the deeper soil layer (below 200 cm) during the summer fallow season. N<sub>2</sub>O emissions and NH<sub>3</sub> volatilization gradually increased with the nitrogen and manure rates, and both exhibited nonlinear distribution curves with the N rate. Pursuing higher grain yields reduced economic benefits and caused more N pollution. The Structural equation modeling (SEM) results showed that manure application significantly increased the water storage rate during the summer fallow period by 4.1 %, which would promote wheat N uptake and ultimately reduce reactive nitrogen losses and improve economic benefits. Taken together, M1N150 was the optimal fertilization scheme to synergistically achieve high yield, high economic benefits and low environmental risks in Guanzhong Plain of China.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51045,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Agronomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5000,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Optimizing combination of chemical nitrogen fertilizer and manure can increase yield and economic benefits of dryland wheat while reduce environmental risks\",\"authors\":\"\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.eja.2024.127272\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>Partial substitution of chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer is emerging as a promising measure to achieve sustainable agriculture with high crop yields and low environmental risks. How much synthetic nitrogen fertilizer can be replaced by each unit of organic fertilizer? How to balance the economic benefits against the environmental risks? There is still a lack of long-term field observations to address these challenges. An 8-year field fertilization experiment (initiated in 2014) was conducted using a split-plot design with five nitrogen rates (N: N0, N75, N150, N225, N300) as main plots in combination with two manure rates (M: M0 and M1) as subplots. The results indicated that the grain yield and economic benefits slowly increased or even decreased after the N rate exceeded 150 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>. The N rate required for M1 to reach the highest yield of M0 was 105 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>, which was 123 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> less than the 228 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> required for that of the M0. At this point, each ton of manure can replace 4.1 kg of synthetic N. Manure application considerably increased the net economic benefit by 10.2 %. The nitrate residue in the 0−200-cm soil layer sharply increased with the N rate, particularly when the N rate exceeded 150 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>. An N rate exceeding 150 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> was more likely to cause nitrate leaching to the deeper soil layer (below 200 cm) during the summer fallow season. N<sub>2</sub>O emissions and NH<sub>3</sub> volatilization gradually increased with the nitrogen and manure rates, and both exhibited nonlinear distribution curves with the N rate. Pursuing higher grain yields reduced economic benefits and caused more N pollution. The Structural equation modeling (SEM) results showed that manure application significantly increased the water storage rate during the summer fallow period by 4.1 %, which would promote wheat N uptake and ultimately reduce reactive nitrogen losses and improve economic benefits. Taken together, M1N150 was the optimal fertilization scheme to synergistically achieve high yield, high economic benefits and low environmental risks in Guanzhong Plain of China.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":51045,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"European Journal of Agronomy\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":4.5000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-07-16\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"European Journal of Agronomy\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"97\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S116103012400193X\",\"RegionNum\":1,\"RegionCategory\":\"农林科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"AGRONOMY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"European Journal of Agronomy","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S116103012400193X","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"AGRONOMY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Optimizing combination of chemical nitrogen fertilizer and manure can increase yield and economic benefits of dryland wheat while reduce environmental risks
Partial substitution of chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer is emerging as a promising measure to achieve sustainable agriculture with high crop yields and low environmental risks. How much synthetic nitrogen fertilizer can be replaced by each unit of organic fertilizer? How to balance the economic benefits against the environmental risks? There is still a lack of long-term field observations to address these challenges. An 8-year field fertilization experiment (initiated in 2014) was conducted using a split-plot design with five nitrogen rates (N: N0, N75, N150, N225, N300) as main plots in combination with two manure rates (M: M0 and M1) as subplots. The results indicated that the grain yield and economic benefits slowly increased or even decreased after the N rate exceeded 150 kg ha−1. The N rate required for M1 to reach the highest yield of M0 was 105 kg ha−1, which was 123 kg ha−1 less than the 228 kg ha−1 required for that of the M0. At this point, each ton of manure can replace 4.1 kg of synthetic N. Manure application considerably increased the net economic benefit by 10.2 %. The nitrate residue in the 0−200-cm soil layer sharply increased with the N rate, particularly when the N rate exceeded 150 kg ha−1. An N rate exceeding 150 kg ha−1 was more likely to cause nitrate leaching to the deeper soil layer (below 200 cm) during the summer fallow season. N2O emissions and NH3 volatilization gradually increased with the nitrogen and manure rates, and both exhibited nonlinear distribution curves with the N rate. Pursuing higher grain yields reduced economic benefits and caused more N pollution. The Structural equation modeling (SEM) results showed that manure application significantly increased the water storage rate during the summer fallow period by 4.1 %, which would promote wheat N uptake and ultimately reduce reactive nitrogen losses and improve economic benefits. Taken together, M1N150 was the optimal fertilization scheme to synergistically achieve high yield, high economic benefits and low environmental risks in Guanzhong Plain of China.
期刊介绍:
The European Journal of Agronomy, the official journal of the European Society for Agronomy, publishes original research papers reporting experimental and theoretical contributions to field-based agronomy and crop science. The journal will consider research at the field level for agricultural, horticultural and tree crops, that uses comprehensive and explanatory approaches. The EJA covers the following topics:
crop physiology
crop production and management including irrigation, fertilization and soil management
agroclimatology and modelling
plant-soil relationships
crop quality and post-harvest physiology
farming and cropping systems
agroecosystems and the environment
crop-weed interactions and management
organic farming
horticultural crops
papers from the European Society for Agronomy bi-annual meetings
In determining the suitability of submitted articles for publication, particular scrutiny is placed on the degree of novelty and significance of the research and the extent to which it adds to existing knowledge in agronomy.