聚氨酯软泡沫的可燃性、毒性和微生物特性

Materials Pub Date : 2024-07-16 DOI:10.3390/ma17143517
Arkadiusz Głowacki, P. Rybiński, Grzegorz Czerwonka, W. Żukowski, U. Mirkhodjaev, Monika Zelezik
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引用次数: 0

摘要

该研究旨在调查膦酸钙(HPCA)和膦酸铝(HPAL)与有机磷化合物(即磷酸二苯基甲酚酯(CDP)和磷酸三氯丙酯(TCPP))协同作用体系对聚氨酯(PUR)泡沫热分解过程中的热稳定性、可燃性、烟密度和有毒气体排放的影响。热重分析(TGA)以及锥形量热仪和微量热仪被用来评估填料对聚氨酯泡沫热稳定性和可燃性的影响。有毒气体产物的分析是利用 TG 气体分析仪耦合系统进行的。气体的光密度使用烟密度室(SDC)进行测量。结果表明,聚氨酯复合材料的热稳定性提高,可燃性降低。然而,有关烟雾和气体排放以及有毒燃烧副产品的结果却不明确。一方面,PUR-HPCA-CDP 和 PUR-HPCA-TCPP 形式的阻燃系统降低了气体副产品中 CO 和 HCN 的浓度。另一方面,它们明显增加了 CO2、NOx 和烟雾排放的浓度。微生物学研究表明,所获得的泡沫材料完全可以安全使用,不具有杀菌特性。
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Flammability, Toxicity, and Microbiological Properties of Polyurethane Flexible Foams
The aim of the research was to investigate the influence of calcium phosphinate (HPCA) and aluminum phosphinate (HPAL) in synergistic systems with organophosphorus compounds, i.e., diphenylcresyl phosphate (CDP) and trichloropropyl phosphate (TCPP), on the thermal stability, flammability, smoke density, and emission of toxic gases during the thermal decomposition of polyurethane (PUR) foams. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), along with cone calorimetry and microcalorimetry, were used to assess the influence of fillers on the thermal stability and flammability of PUR foams. The analysis of toxic gas products was performed with the use of a coupled TG–gas analyzer system. The optical density of gases was measured with the use of a smoke density chamber (SDC). The obtained results showed an increase in thermal stability and a decrease in the flammability of the PUR composites. However, the results regarding smoke and gas emissions, as well as toxic combustion by-products, present ambiguity. On one hand, the applied flame retardant systems in the form of PUR-HPCA-CDP and PUR-HPCA-TCPP led to a reduction in the concentration of CO and HCN in the gas by-products. On the other hand, they clearly increased the concentration of CO2, NOx, and smoke emissions. Microbiological studies indicated that the obtained foam material is completely safe for use and does not exhibit biocidal properties.
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