通过机翼变形和空气动力表面偏转的耦合增强无人机的纵向飞行性能

IF 6.8 Q1 AUTOMATION & CONTROL SYSTEMS Advanced intelligent systems (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) Pub Date : 2024-07-09 DOI:10.1002/aisy.202300709
Junming Zhang, Yubin Liu, Liang Gao, Yanhe Zhu, Xizhe Zang, Hegao Cai, Jie Zhao
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在自然界中,滑翔鸟类经常执行复杂的飞行动作,如空中翻筋斗、栖息着陆和迅速下降,使它们能够穿越障碍物或捕食猎物。显然,鸟类依靠不同的翼尾配置来完成各种空中机动。对于传统的固定翼无人飞行器(UAV)来说,俯仰控制主要来自尾部的升降舵,而调整飞行升力和阻力则需要展开襟翼。虽然这些设计能确保飞行的可靠性,但却影响了无人机保持纵向稳定性的机动性。因此,本研究引入了仿生物变形翼无人机,并提出了一种同时使用变形翼、副翼和尾部升降舵的俯仰控制策略。拉升机动测试表明,所提出的控制方法可使俯仰率比仅使用升降舵控制时提高约 2.5 倍。此外,还建立了无人机闭环控制系统。闭环飞行实验跟踪了 45° 的俯仰角,证明了所提出的耦合控制方法在调整飞行姿态方面的有效性。此外,在巡航过程中,无人机采用了直翼、前掠翼和后掠翼三种配置,以满足不同的任务目标并增强其飞行能力。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

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Enhancing Longitudinal Flight Performance of Drones through the Coupling of Wings Morphing and Deflection of Aerodynamic Surfaces

In nature, gliding birds frequently execute intricate flight maneuvers such as aerial somersaults, perched landings, and swift descents, enabling them to navigate obstacles or hunt prey. It is evident that birds rely on different wing–tail configurations to accomplish a wide range of aerial maneuvers. For traditional fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), pitch control primarily comes from the tail's elevators, while adjusting flight lift and drag involves deploying wing flaps. Although these designs ensure reliable flight, they compromise the drones’ maneuverability to maintain longitudinal stability. Therefore, the study introduces a biomimetic morphing wing UAV, and presents a pitch control strategy that simultaneously engages morphing wings, ailerons, and tail elevators. The pull-up maneuver tests indicate that the proposed control method results in a pitch rate that is approximately 2.5 times greater than when using only the elevator control. A closed-loop control system for the drone is also established. The closed-loop flight experiment, which tracks a 45° pitch angle, demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed coupled control method in adjusting the flight attitude. In addition, during cruising, the UAV employs three configurations, straight wing, forward-swept wing, and back-swept wing, to cater to different mission objectives and augment its flight capabilities.

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