Promotion of cooperation by payoff-based view radii in different interaction modes

In this letter, we introduce the payoff-based view radii into evolutionary prisoner's dilemma games performed in a two-dimensional plane and study how the adaptive view radii affect cooperation. Two types of feedback are considered, positive feedback and negative one. In the case of positive feedback, high-payoff (low-payoff) agents have large (small) view radii. In the case of negative feedback, the things are opposite. Meanwhile, three different interaction modes are considered, one-way visual interaction, proactive visual interaction, and two-way visual interaction. Our results show that the payoff-based view radii could promote cooperation effectively in all cases. Especially, there exist optimal behaviors of cooperation for both positive feedback and negative feedback. When agents are allowed to move, we find that the cooperation level could be further improved by slow migration. Our results shed light on the promotion of cooperation by the adaptive view radii and suggest different ways to adjust view radii to achieve high cooperation levels in different interaction modes.