背景下的集体认知:解释欧洲 2015 年移民危机管理中的差异

Governance Pub Date : 2024-07-20 DOI:10.1111/gove.12887
Marlene Jugl
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摘要

认知是危机管理必不可少的第一步。本文将危机认知概念化为一个集体的、依赖于环境的过程。借鉴认知社会学,我认为政府结构和文化/身份塑造了集体认知所必需的认知图式和沟通实践。我将这一框架应用于比较卢森堡和德国政府对2015年移民危机的认识,结果显示两国在危机准备方面存在令人费解的差距。定性分析对访谈和其他资料来源进行了三角测量。在德国,复杂的责任、对立的官僚身份和自大抑制了认知。而在小国卢森堡,简单的政府结构和强调脆弱性的集体认同促进了及时认知和准备。我将国家规模视为塑造政府结构和官员身份的宏观背景,并批判性地讨论了其作为基本解释的作用。本研究将认知社会学的视角引入公共行政领域,说明了环境通过哪些机制影响集体行为,并提出了有效危机管理的比较解释。
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Collective cognition in context: Explaining variation in the management of Europe's 2015 migration crisis
Cognition is an essential first step in crisis management. This article conceptualizes crisis cognition as a collective and context‐dependent process. Drawing on cognitive sociology, I argue that governmental structures and culture/identity shape cognitive schemas and communicative practices essential for collective cognition. I apply this framework to compare governments' recognition of the 2015 migration crisis in Luxembourg and Germany, which showed a puzzling gap in crisis preparation. The qualitative analysis triangulates interviews and other sources. In Germany, complex responsibilities, adversarial bureaucratic identities, and hubris inhibited cognition. In small Luxembourg, simple government structures and collective identity emphasizing vulnerability fostered timely cognition and preparation. I consider country size as macro‐level context that shapes government structures and officials' identities, and critically discuss its role as an underlying explanation. This study introduces a sociological perspective on cognition to public administration, shows through which mechanisms context affects collective behavior, and proposes a comparative explanation for effective crisis management.
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