{"title":"比较鼻内和肌肉注射咪达唑仑-丁胺卡那霉素对新西兰白兔眼压、泪液分泌和镇静的影响。","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.vaa.2024.06.011","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To compare the effects of intranasal (IN) and intramuscular (IM) midazolam–butorphanol–ketamine on intraocular pressure (IOP), tear production (TP) and sedation in rabbits.</p></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><p>Prospective, randomized, crossover experimental study.</p></div><div><h3>Animals</h3><p>Fourteen male New Zealand White rabbits, aged 1–2 years, body mass 3.1 ± 0.8 kg (mean ± standard deviation).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Rabbits were administered midazolam (1 mg kg<sup>–1</sup><span>), butorphanol (1.5 mg kg</span><sup>–1</sup><span>) and ketamine (5 mg kg</span><sup>–1</sup><span>) via IN and IM routes. IOP, TP and sedation scores were assessed at 0 (before drug administration), 5, 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes after drug administration. Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (</span><em>f</em><sub>R</sub><span>), rectal temperature (RT), noninvasive mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and peripheral hemoglobin oxygen saturation (SpO</span><sub>2</sub>) were simultaneously recorded until 45 minutes after drug administration. The onset and duration of sedation and sedation scores were recorded.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p><span>Drug delivery route had no significant impact on mean IOP (</span><em>p</em> = 0.271) or TP (<em>p</em> = 0.062), and there were no significant changes over time for IOP (<em>p</em> = 0.711) or TP (<em>p</em> = 0.372). Similarly, delivery route had no significant impact on HR (<em>p</em> = 0.747), <em>f</em><sub>R</sub> (<em>p</em> = 0.872), RT (<em>p</em> = 0.379), MAP (<em>p</em> = 0.217) and SpO<sub>2</sub> (<em>p</em> = 0.254). Sedation onset was faster with IN (3.0 ± 1.0 minutes) than with IM administration (4.9 ± 0.7 minutes) (<em>p</em> = 0.011), but sedation duration was significantly longer with IM (52.6 ± 7.2 minutes) than with IN delivery (30.7 ± 6.8 minutes) (<em>p</em> = 0.004). There was no significant difference in sedation scores between the two delivery routes at any of the recorded time points.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions and clinical relevance</h3><p>The combination of midazolam–butorphanol–ketamine had minimal impact on physiological and ocular variables regardless of the route of administration, whereas IN drug administration led to a shorter onset and duration of action than IM administration.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23626,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4000,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Comparison of the effects of intranasal and intramuscular midazolam–butorphanol–ketamine on intraocular pressure, tear production and sedation in New Zealand White rabbits\",\"authors\":\"\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.vaa.2024.06.011\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To compare the effects of intranasal (IN) and intramuscular (IM) midazolam–butorphanol–ketamine on intraocular pressure (IOP), tear production (TP) and sedation in rabbits.</p></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><p>Prospective, randomized, crossover experimental study.</p></div><div><h3>Animals</h3><p>Fourteen male New Zealand White rabbits, aged 1–2 years, body mass 3.1 ± 0.8 kg (mean ± standard deviation).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Rabbits were administered midazolam (1 mg kg<sup>–1</sup><span>), butorphanol (1.5 mg kg</span><sup>–1</sup><span>) and ketamine (5 mg kg</span><sup>–1</sup><span>) via IN and IM routes. IOP, TP and sedation scores were assessed at 0 (before drug administration), 5, 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes after drug administration. Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (</span><em>f</em><sub>R</sub><span>), rectal temperature (RT), noninvasive mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and peripheral hemoglobin oxygen saturation (SpO</span><sub>2</sub>) were simultaneously recorded until 45 minutes after drug administration. The onset and duration of sedation and sedation scores were recorded.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p><span>Drug delivery route had no significant impact on mean IOP (</span><em>p</em> = 0.271) or TP (<em>p</em> = 0.062), and there were no significant changes over time for IOP (<em>p</em> = 0.711) or TP (<em>p</em> = 0.372). Similarly, delivery route had no significant impact on HR (<em>p</em> = 0.747), <em>f</em><sub>R</sub> (<em>p</em> = 0.872), RT (<em>p</em> = 0.379), MAP (<em>p</em> = 0.217) and SpO<sub>2</sub> (<em>p</em> = 0.254). Sedation onset was faster with IN (3.0 ± 1.0 minutes) than with IM administration (4.9 ± 0.7 minutes) (<em>p</em> = 0.011), but sedation duration was significantly longer with IM (52.6 ± 7.2 minutes) than with IN delivery (30.7 ± 6.8 minutes) (<em>p</em> = 0.004). There was no significant difference in sedation scores between the two delivery routes at any of the recorded time points.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions and clinical relevance</h3><p>The combination of midazolam–butorphanol–ketamine had minimal impact on physiological and ocular variables regardless of the route of administration, whereas IN drug administration led to a shorter onset and duration of action than IM administration.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":23626,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.4000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-06-28\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"97\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1467298724001223\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"农林科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"VETERINARY SCIENCES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1467298724001223","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"VETERINARY SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
Comparison of the effects of intranasal and intramuscular midazolam–butorphanol–ketamine on intraocular pressure, tear production and sedation in New Zealand White rabbits
Objective
To compare the effects of intranasal (IN) and intramuscular (IM) midazolam–butorphanol–ketamine on intraocular pressure (IOP), tear production (TP) and sedation in rabbits.
Fourteen male New Zealand White rabbits, aged 1–2 years, body mass 3.1 ± 0.8 kg (mean ± standard deviation).
Methods
Rabbits were administered midazolam (1 mg kg–1), butorphanol (1.5 mg kg–1) and ketamine (5 mg kg–1) via IN and IM routes. IOP, TP and sedation scores were assessed at 0 (before drug administration), 5, 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes after drug administration. Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (fR), rectal temperature (RT), noninvasive mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and peripheral hemoglobin oxygen saturation (SpO2) were simultaneously recorded until 45 minutes after drug administration. The onset and duration of sedation and sedation scores were recorded.
Results
Drug delivery route had no significant impact on mean IOP (p = 0.271) or TP (p = 0.062), and there were no significant changes over time for IOP (p = 0.711) or TP (p = 0.372). Similarly, delivery route had no significant impact on HR (p = 0.747), fR (p = 0.872), RT (p = 0.379), MAP (p = 0.217) and SpO2 (p = 0.254). Sedation onset was faster with IN (3.0 ± 1.0 minutes) than with IM administration (4.9 ± 0.7 minutes) (p = 0.011), but sedation duration was significantly longer with IM (52.6 ± 7.2 minutes) than with IN delivery (30.7 ± 6.8 minutes) (p = 0.004). There was no significant difference in sedation scores between the two delivery routes at any of the recorded time points.
Conclusions and clinical relevance
The combination of midazolam–butorphanol–ketamine had minimal impact on physiological and ocular variables regardless of the route of administration, whereas IN drug administration led to a shorter onset and duration of action than IM administration.
期刊介绍：
Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia is the official journal of the Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists, the American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia and the European College of Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia. Its purpose is the publication of original, peer reviewed articles covering all branches of anaesthesia and the relief of pain in animals. Articles concerned with the following subjects related to anaesthesia and analgesia are also welcome:
the basic sciences;
pathophysiology of disease as it relates to anaesthetic management
equipment
intensive care
chemical restraint of animals including laboratory animals, wildlife and exotic animals
welfare issues associated with pain and distress
education in veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia.
Review articles, special articles, and historical notes will also be published, along with editorials, case reports in the form of letters to the editor, and book reviews. There is also an active correspondence section.
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