Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia最新文献

OBITUARY-Attilio Rocchi, DVM, Dip ECVAA (1973-2025).

IF 1.9 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia

Pub Date : 2026-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2026.101191

引用次数: 0

Comparison of two atracurium dosing regimens in dogs undergoing ophthalmic surgery. 两种阿曲库铵给药方案在眼科手术犬中的比较。

IF 1.9 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia

Pub Date : 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2026.101188

Conrado Sánchez Martínez, José I Redondo, Eva Rioja

Objective: To compare two atracurium intravenous dosing protocols, intermittent boluses (BOL) and variable rate infusion (VRI), for total dose, neuromuscular blockade depth and recovery, need for reversal, and extubation times in dogs undergoing ophthalmic surgery.

Materials and methods: A total of 48 anaesthetic records (24 per group) were retrospectively analysed from dogs meeting predefined inclusion criteria. Extracted data included total atracurium dose, dose rate, train-of-four count (TOFC) and ratio (TOFR), duration within TOFR 0.2-0.7, time to recover 0.9TOFR, extubation time, and reversal requirement. Data were analysed with Welch's t-tests, Wilcoxon rank-sum, or Fisher's exact tests. Effect estimates for reversal requirements were expressed as risk ratios (RRs), risk differences (RDs), odds ratios, and number needed to treat. Significance was set at p < 0.05.

Results: Total atracurium dose did not differ between BOL (0.42 ± 0.26 mg kg^-1) and VRI (0.38 ± 0.12 mg kg^-1; p = 0.500). When normalised to surgical duration, atracurium dose rate was higher in BOL (5.51 ± 2.14 μg kg^-1 minute^-1) than VRI (4.16 ± 1.24 μg kg^-1 minute^-1; p = 0.010). Dogs receiving VRI spent longer within a TOFR 0.2-0.7. Time to 0.9TOFR was shorter in VRI compared with BOL (12.5 ± 6.3 versus 41.5 ± 14.4 minutes; p < 0.001), as was extubation time (31.1 ± 29.3 versus 62.0 ± 21.2 minutes; p < 0.001). Neostigmine reversal was required in 2/24 dogs in VRI (8%) and 7/24 dogs in BOL (29%) (p = 0.140), corresponding to a RR of 0.29 (95% confidence interval 0.07-1.24) and a RD of -21% (95% confidence interval -42-0).

Conclusions and clinical relevance: Atracurium VRI was associated with lower dose rate, more stable neuromuscular blockade depth, faster recovery, and shorter extubation times than BOL injection. These findings support the potential clinical advantages of VRI in canine ophthalmic anaesthesia.

目的：比较两种阿曲库铵静脉给药方案，间歇给药（BOL）和可变速率输注（VRI）在眼科手术犬的总剂量、神经肌肉阻断深度和恢复、逆转需求和拔管时间。材料和方法：回顾性分析48例麻醉记录（每组24例），均符合预先确定的入选标准。提取的数据包括阿曲库铵总剂量、剂量率、四列计数（TOFC）和比率（TOFR）、TOFR 0.2-0.7持续时间、恢复0.9TOFR时间、拔管时间和逆转需求。数据分析采用Welch t检验、Wilcoxon秩和检验或Fisher精确检验。对逆转要求的效果估计用风险比（rr）、风险差异（rd）、优势比和需要治疗的人数来表示。p < 0.05为显著性。结果：阿曲库铵总剂量在BOL（0.42±0.26 mg kg-1）和VRI（0.38±0.12 mg kg-1, p = 0.500）之间无差异。与手术时间归一化后，阿曲库铵在BOL组的剂量率（5.51±2.14 μg kg-1 min -1）高于VRI组（4.16±1.24 μg kg-1 min -1, p = 0.010）。接受VRI治疗的狗在TOFR 0.2-0.7范围内花费的时间更长。与BOL相比，VRI达到0.9TOFR的时间更短（12.5±6.3分钟比41.5±14.4分钟，p < 0.001），拔管时间也更短（31.1±29.3分钟比62.0±21.2分钟，p < 0.001）。2/24的VRI犬（8%）和7/24的BOL犬（29%）需要新斯的明逆转（p = 0.140），对应的RR为0.29(95%置信区间0.07-1.24)，RD为-21%（95%置信区间-42-0）。结论及临床意义：与BOL注射相比，阿曲库铵VRI具有更低的剂量率、更稳定的神经肌肉阻断深度、更快的恢复速度和更短的拔管时间。这些发现支持了VRI在犬眼麻醉中的潜在临床优势。

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引用次数: 0

Use of the caudal thoracic paravertebral block in a multimodal anaesthetic protocol for cholecystectomy in a diabetic dog 在糖尿病犬胆囊切除术的多模态麻醉方案中使用尾椎椎旁阻滞

IF 1.9 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2025.11.006

Lorena Espadas González , Nieves Pastor Sirvent , Irene Cantalejo Rodrigo , Jesús M. Usón Casaús , Eva M. Pérez Merino

This report describes the anaesthetic management of a diabetic dog undergoing cholecystectomy. A multimodal analgesic approach was employed, including an ultrasound-guided bilateral caudal thoracic paravertebral block (CTPVB) with bupivacaine, to reduce the need for inhalational anaesthetics and systemic opioids. With the use of the CTPVB, no additional analgesia was required during the 8 hour period following endotracheal extubation. This is the first report describing the use of a CTPVB to provide analgesia and cardiovascular stability in a diabetic dog undergoing cholecystectomy.

本报告描述了一只接受胆囊切除术的糖尿病犬的麻醉管理。采用多模式镇痛方法，包括超声引导双侧胸椎椎旁阻滞（CTPVB）加布比卡因，以减少吸入麻醉剂和全身阿片类药物的需要。使用CTPVB后，在气管拔管后的8小时内不需要额外的镇痛。这是第一个描述使用CTPVB在接受胆囊切除术的糖尿病犬中提供镇痛和心血管稳定的报告。

引用次数: 0

Effect of discontinuing a constant rate intravenous infusion of lidocaine on recovery from general anesthesia with isoflurane in horses: A randomized clinical trial 停止等速静脉输注利多卡因对马异氟醚全身麻醉后恢复的影响：一项随机临床试验

IF 1.9 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2025.09.008

Megan F. Sha , Rachel A. Reed , Jane E. Quandt , Michele Barletta , Daniel M. Sakai , Stephanie C. Dantino , Heather Knych

Objective

To evaluate the effect of discontinuing intravenous (IV) lidocaine infusions 30 minutes before the end of inhalational anesthesia on recovery from general anesthesia in horses.

Study design

Randomized controlled clinical study.

Animals

A group of 40 healthy adult horses undergoing general anesthesia for magnetic resonance imaging.

Methods

All horses underwent a standard anesthetic protocol. Lidocaine was injected IV as a loading dose (2 mg kg^–1), followed by a continuous rate IV infusion of 3 mg kg^–1 hour^–1. Horses were randomly allocated to one of two groups: discontinuation of the infusion 30 minutes before the end of anesthesia (group DC, n = 20), or continuation until the end of anesthesia (group C, n = 20). A three-axis accelerometer was secured around the withers to obtain accelerometry-based recovery scores (RS). Lower scores correlate with higher-quality recovery and higher scores correlate with lower-quality recovery. Recorded variables included time to first movement, time to sternal recumbency, time to standing and number of standing attempts. RS (mean ± standard deviation) was analyzed using a Student’s t-test. Significance was set at p < 0.05.

Results

Mean RS were 22 ± 7 and 25 ± 8 for groups C and DC, respectively (p = 0.175). Median times to first movement, sternal recumbency and standing were 43 (21–69), 56 (29–90) and 61 (29–111) minutes for group C, and 33 (21–69), 45 (26–97) and 50 (36–97) minutes for group DC, respectively. The median number of stand attempts was 1 (1–5) for both groups.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

Discontinuing lidocaine infusions 30 minutes before the end of inhalational anesthesia did not improve recovery quality compared with infusions continued until the end. These findings do not support a benefit of early lidocaine discontinuation in this context.

目的评价吸入麻醉结束前30 min停止静脉输注利多卡因对马全麻恢复的影响。研究设计：随机对照临床研究。动物：一组40匹健康成年马，接受全身麻醉进行磁共振成像。方法所有马均采用标准麻醉方案。静脉注射利多卡因作为负荷剂量（2mg kg-1），随后连续静脉注射3mg kg-1小时- 1。马被随机分为两组：在麻醉结束前30分钟停止输注（DC组，n = 20），或继续输注直至麻醉结束（C组，n = 20）。在马肩隆周围固定一个三轴加速度计以获得基于加速度计的恢复评分（RS）。较低的分数与高质量的恢复相关，较高的分数与低质量的恢复相关。记录的变量包括第一次运动的时间，到胸骨平躺的时间，到站立的时间和站立尝试的次数。RS（均数±标准差）采用学生t检验进行分析。p <； 0.05为显著性。结果C组和DC组的平均RS分别为22±7和25±8 （p = 0.175）。C组首次活动、胸骨平卧和站立的中位时间分别为43（21-69）、56（29-90）和61（29-111）分钟，DC组分别为33（21-69）、45（26-97）和50（36-97）分钟。两组的站立尝试次数中位数均为1（1 - 5）。结论及临床意义吸入麻醉结束前30分钟停止利多卡因输注与持续输注至麻醉结束相比，并不能提高恢复质量。在这种情况下，这些发现并不支持利多卡因早期停药的益处。

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引用次数: 0

Elizabeth Anne Leece, BVSc, Cert VA, Dip ECVAA, MRCVS (1970–2025) Elizabeth Anne Leece, BVSc，证书VA， Dip ECVAA, MRCVS （1970-2025）

IF 1.9 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2025.11.007

Carl Bradbrook , Jackie Brearley , Louise Clark , Frances Downing , Mark Evitts , Sarah Gibson , Nicolas Girard , Matthew Gurney , Rachel Hattersley , Ronald S. Jones , Heide Kloeppel , Massimo Mariscoli , Nichole Neate , Ambra Panti , Anja Pape , Sheilah Robertson , Rachel Royle , Abigail Semal , Annie Tute , Kate White

引用次数: 0

Perioperative management of a miniature donkey undergoing surgical femoral head ostectomy 小型驴股骨头切除术的围手术期处理。

IF 1.9 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2025.11.002

Alexandra R. Robinson , Marta Nieto Poza , Pablo E. Otero , Morgane Schambourg , Daniel SJ. Pang

Despite global popularity of donkeys as pets and working animals, reports regarding effective surgical, anesthetic and analgesic treatments remain scarce. A 19-year-old castrated male miniature donkey (106 kg) presented for investigation of a chronic right coxofemoral luxation. The donkey had significant right pelvic limb lameness (4–5/5) and severe muscle atrophy. Physical examination was otherwise unremarkable. A surgical femoral head ostectomy was planned under general anesthesia with a combination of two regional local anesthetic blocks. These included a ‘GIN & TONIC’ block; a greater ischiatic notch plane block, targeting the lumbosacral trunk, and a caudal quadratus lumborum block, targeting the lumbar plexus, using 0.25% bupivacaine at 0.2 mL kg^–1 and 0.3 mL kg^–1, respectively. Anesthetic premedication consisted of intravenous (IV) romifidine and butorphanol, followed by induction of anesthesia with IV ketamine and midazolam and maintenance with isoflurane carried in oxygen. The donkey had low isoflurane requirements (end-expired fraction 0.81–0.96%) and an absence of autonomic responses to surgery intraoperatively. Surgery proceeded uneventfully. At 4 hours after the block was performed, 80 minutes after recovery from anesthesia, the Donkey Pain Scale score was elevated (6/11), and the donkey was treated with IV morphine (0.4 mg kg^–1). On the second postoperative day, Donkey Pain Scale scores were consistently low (0–1/11) and morphine treatment was discontinued. At 12 weeks after surgery, the owner reported good comfort and mobility while walking, with ambulation facilitated with a wooden shoe to compensate for limb length difference. The report describes use of the GIN & TONIC block to provide effective perioperative analgesia for a successful femoral head ostectomy.

尽管驴子作为宠物和工作动物在全球很受欢迎，但关于有效的手术、麻醉和镇痛治疗的报道仍然很少。一只19岁阉割的雄性小驴（106公斤）因慢性右股骨脱位而就诊。右盆肢明显跛行（4-5/5），肌肉严重萎缩。除此之外，身体检查没有什么特别之处。股骨头手术切除计划在全身麻醉和两个区域局部麻醉阻滞的组合。其中包括“GIN & TONIC”牌；一个坐骨大切迹平面阻滞，针对腰骶干，一个腰方肌尾部阻滞，针对腰丛，分别使用0.25% 0.2 mL kg-1和0.3 mL kg-1的布比卡因。麻醉前用药为静脉滴注罗米非定和丁托啡诺，随后静脉滴注氯胺酮和咪达唑仑诱导麻醉，氧载异氟醚维持麻醉。驴异氟烷需氧量低（终过期分数0.81-0.96%），术中对手术无自主神经反应。手术进行得很顺利。阻滞后4小时，麻醉恢复后80分钟，驴疼痛评分升高（6/11），给予静脉注射吗啡（0.4 mg kg-1）。术后第二天，驴痛量表评分持续较低（0-1/11），停止吗啡治疗。手术后12周，主人报告行走时良好的舒适性和灵活性，行走时使用木鞋来弥补肢体长度的差异。该报告描述了使用GIN & TONIC阻滞为成功的股骨头切除手术提供有效的围手术期镇痛。

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引用次数: 0

Efficacy of an endotracheal tube disinfection protocol and the impact of its steps on tubes collected from dogs anaesthetized for routine clinical procedures 一种气管内管消毒方案的有效性及其步骤对临床常规麻醉犬收集的气管管的影响。

IF 1.9 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2025.11.001

Francesco Ascione , Ioanna L. Radu , Stefano Di Nola , Tommaso Furlanello , Erika Carli , Laura Ventura , Elisa Bortolami

Objective

To determine the efficacy of an endotracheal tube (ETT) disinfection method and the impact of its different steps.

Study design

A prospective randomized study.

Methods

The tracheas of 100 dogs undergoing routine clinical procedures were intubated with a sterile polyvinyl chloride ETT. At extubation, each ETT, presenting without gross contamination after extubation, was cultured for bacterial and fungal growth, and randomly and equally assigned to the ‘enzymatic solution, peracetic acid, water and drying’ (ESPAWD) protocol or one of its constituent steps: enzymatic solution soaking (ES protocol), peracetic acid soaking for 30 minutes (PA protocol), tap water rinsing for 1 minute (W protocol) or drying in ambient air for 24 hours (D protocol). Another swab was performed at the end of the assigned protocol. Post-treatment fungal and bacterial growth was evaluated using aerobic and anaerobic culture media and subsequently analysed. Statistical analysis was performed using R (version 4.3.2). Quantitative variables were compared with non-parametric tests (Wilcoxon, Mann–Whitney U, Kruskal–Wallis with Holm’s correction), whereas categorical data were analysed with Chi-square and McNemar’s tests. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.

Results

The ESPAWD protocol was effective at disinfecting all ETTs (failure relative frequency 0%). Among the different steps, PA showed the lowest failure frequency (20%), followed by D (35%), W (90%) and ES (100%) protocol. Comparison between ESPAWD and PA protocols did not reveal any significant difference in terms of both post-treatment number of microbial species (p = 0.09) and reduction of microbial load (p = 0.09).

Conclusions and clinical relevance

In the ESPAWD protocol, all ETTs were successfully disinfected, and the protocol may represent a promising option for disinfecting previously used ETTs presenting without gross contamination.

目的：探讨气管插管（ETT）消毒方法的效果及不同步骤对消毒效果的影响。研究设计：前瞻性随机研究。方法：采用无菌聚氯乙烯气管插管对100只临床常规手术犬气管插管。拔管时，每个ETT在拔管后无明显污染，培养细菌和真菌生长，并随机均匀地分配到“酶溶液，过氧乙酸，水和干燥”（espwd）方案或其组成步骤之一：酶溶液浸泡（ES方案），过氧乙酸浸泡30分钟（PA方案），自来水冲洗1分钟（W方案）或在环境空气中干燥24小时（D方案）。在指定方案结束时进行另一次拭子拭子。使用好氧和厌氧培养基评估处理后真菌和细菌的生长情况，并随后进行分析。使用R（4.3.2版本）进行统计分析。定量变量采用非参数检验（Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney U， Kruskal-Wallis与Holm的校正）进行比较，而分类数据采用卡方检验和McNemar检验进行分析。p < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果：ESPAWD方案对所有肺脏均有效（相对失败率为0%）。在不同的步骤中，PA方案的故障频率最低（20%），其次是D方案（35%），W方案（90%）和ES方案（100%）。ESPAWD和PA方案之间的比较在处理后微生物种类数量（p = 0.09）和微生物负荷减少（p = 0.09）方面没有显着差异。结论和临床意义：在ESPAWD方案中，所有的神经鞘都被成功消毒，该方案可能是一个有希望的选择，用于消毒以前使用过的没有严重污染的神经鞘。

{"title":"Efficacy of an endotracheal tube disinfection protocol and the impact of its steps on tubes collected from dogs anaesthetized for routine clinical procedures","authors":"Francesco Ascione , Ioanna L. Radu , Stefano Di Nola , Tommaso Furlanello , Erika Carli , Laura Ventura , Elisa Bortolami","doi":"10.1016/j.vaa.2025.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaa.2025.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To determine the efficacy of an endotracheal tube (ETT) disinfection method and the impact of its different steps.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>A prospective randomized study.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The tracheas of 100 dogs undergoing routine clinical procedures were intubated with a sterile polyvinyl chloride ETT. At extubation, each ETT, presenting without gross contamination after extubation, was cultured for bacterial and fungal growth, and randomly and equally assigned to the ‘enzymatic solution, peracetic acid, water and drying’ (ESPAWD) protocol or one of its constituent steps: enzymatic solution soaking (ES protocol), peracetic acid soaking for 30 minutes (PA protocol), tap water rinsing for 1 minute (W protocol) or drying in ambient air for 24 hours (D protocol). Another swab was performed at the end of the assigned protocol. Post-treatment fungal and bacterial growth was evaluated using aerobic and anaerobic culture media and subsequently analysed. Statistical analysis was performed using R (version 4.3.2). Quantitative variables were compared with non-parametric tests (Wilcoxon, Mann–Whitney <em>U</em>, Kruskal–Wallis with Holm’s correction), whereas categorical data were analysed with Chi-square and McNemar’s tests. Statistical significance was set at <em>p</em> < 0.05.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The ESPAWD protocol was effective at disinfecting all ETTs (failure relative frequency 0%). Among the different steps, PA showed the lowest failure frequency (20%), followed by D (35%), W (90%) and ES (100%) protocol. Comparison between ESPAWD and PA protocols did not reveal any significant difference in terms of both post-treatment number of microbial species (<em>p</em> = 0.09) and reduction of microbial load (<em>p</em> = 0.09).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions and clinical relevance</h3><div>In the ESPAWD protocol, all ETTs were successfully disinfected, and the protocol may represent a promising option for disinfecting previously used ETTs presenting without gross contamination.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23626,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia","volume":"53 1","pages":"Article 101157"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145696350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ultrasound-guided versus blind intercostal nerve injection in equine cadavers 超声引导与盲肋间神经注射在马尸体中的应用。

IF 1.9 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2025.10.003

Gilberto Serighelli-Júnior , Lucimara Strugava , Julia Doria de Oliveira Franco , Karine Kulik , Peterson Triches Dornbusch , Marcello Machado , Juan Carlos Duque Moreno

Objective

To describe the detailed anatomy of the equine thoracoabdominal region and to compare the accuracy of ultrasound-guided versus blind intercostal nerve injection techniques, targeting the thoracic intercostal nerves (T12–T18) in equine cadavers.

Study design

Randomized, blinded, cadaveric study.

Animals

Eight fresh adult equine cadavers.

Methods

Eight horse cadavers were used: one in phase I (436 kg; 4 years old) for anatomic landmarks identification and seven in phase II [420 (317–560 kg); 16 (3–22 years old) [median (minimum–maximum)] for comparative study. In phase I, dissections were performed to map muscular landmarks and intercostal nerve courses. In phase II, intercostal nerve injections were performed bilaterally using 3 mL of 0.05% methylene blue per site, with one hemithorax randomized to ultrasound-guided injection (49 repetitions) and the contralateral side to blind technique (49 repetitions). Gross dissections assessed nerve staining, pleural punctures and incorrect intramuscular injections. Statistical analyses included Shapiro–Wilk test for normality and McNemar test.

Results

Success in nerve staining was higher with ultrasound-guided (41/49, 83.7%) than blind injections (25/49, 51.0%; p = 0.001). Pleural puncture was identified in ultrasound-guided (3/49, 6.1%) and blind approaches (7/49, 14.3%). Intramuscular dye deposition occurred in 8/49 (16.3%) of ultrasound-guided and 14/49 (28.6%) of blind injections. The costoabdominalis nerve (T18) exhibited the greatest disparity between techniques, with no nerve staining occurring with the blind approach and in 3/7 (42.6%) injections under ultrasound guidance. Gross dissection confirmed anatomical deviation of the T18 nerve, traveling approximately 2.4 ± 1.2 cm ventrocaudally, differing from cranial intercostal nerves.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

Ultrasound guidance significantly improved the accuracy of intercostal nerve injections in horse cadavers. Detailed anatomical knowledge of the thoracoabdominal region, particularly of T18, is critical for optimizing regional anesthesia techniques in horses.

目的：描述马胸腹区域的详细解剖结构，并比较超声引导与盲肋间神经注射技术在马尸体胸椎肋间神经（T12-T18）上的准确性。研究设计：随机、盲法、尸体研究。动物：八具新鲜的成年马尸体。方法：使用8具马尸体：第一阶段1具（436 kg， 4岁）用于解剖标志识别，第二阶段7具（420 (317-560 kg)）；16岁（3-22岁）[中位数（最小-最大）]用于比较研究。在第一阶段，进行解剖以绘制肌肉地标和肋间神经路线。在II期，双侧肋间神经注射，每个部位使用3 mL 0.05%亚甲基蓝，其中一个半胸随机接受超声引导注射（49次），对侧随机接受盲法（49次）。大体解剖评估神经染色、胸膜穿刺和不正确的肌内注射。统计分析采用夏皮罗-威尔克正态性检验和McNemar检验。结果：超声引导下神经染色成功率（41/49,83.7%）高于盲注射（25/49,51.0%,p = 0.001）。超声引导下胸膜穿刺（3/ 49,6.1%）和盲入路（7/ 49,14.3%）。超声引导下肌内染色沉积8/49(16.3%)，盲注射14/49（28.6%）。肋腹神经（T18）在两种方法间的差异最大，盲入路无神经染色，超声引导下3/7（42.6%）注射无神经染色。大体解剖证实T18神经解剖偏差，向腹侧行进约2.4±1.2 cm，与颅肋间神经不同。结论及临床意义：超声引导可显著提高马尸体肋间神经注射的准确性。胸腹区，特别是T18的详细解剖知识对于优化马的区域麻醉技术至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Spontaneous tail movements during general anaesthesia after lumbosacral epidural morphine–bupivacaine in a dog 犬腰骶部硬膜外吗啡-布比卡因全身麻醉后的自发性尾巴运动。

IF 1.9 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2025.10.004

Maria Isabel Gomez-Martinez , Lauren Brown

引用次数: 0

Use of sugammadex to reverse alfaxalone anesthesia in rats 糖麦德对大鼠阿法索龙麻醉的逆转作用。

IF 1.9 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2025.11.004

Benjamin Chen , Robert J. Brosnan , Antonio JA. Aguiar

Objective

To test whether sugammadex, a reversal agent for steroid neuromuscular blocking drugs, could encapsulate the neurosteroid alfaxalone and accelerate anesthetic recovery.

Study design

Prospective, blinded, randomized, crossover study.

Animals

Thirty-six male and female adult Sprague-Dawley rats.

Methods

Six male and six female adult Sprague-Dawley rats were intravenously administered 3 mg kg⁻¹ alfaxalone followed 1 minute later by either 0.9% saline or 96 mg kg⁻¹ sugammadex, with a 1 week washout period between repeat anesthetics. A separate cohort of 12 rats was studied using an identical experimental design, but with a 6 mg kg⁻¹ alfaxalone dose. A third cohort of 12 rats was given 12 mg kg⁻¹ alfaxalone followed by saline or sugammadex (96 mg kg⁻¹ dose or 192 mg kg⁻¹ dose) using a Latin-square crossover design with 1 week between repeated anesthetics. Physiological and behavioral recovery responses were assessed every minute by an observer who was blinded to treatment. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA with Šidák post hoc comparisons (p < 0.05).

Results

Compared with saline controls, sugammadex shortened recovery times by 40–60% following anesthesia induction with the 3 or 6 mg kg⁻¹ alfaxalone doses (p ≤ 0.002). For the 12 mg kg⁻¹ alfaxalone dose, the low and the high sugammadex doses shortened recovery times by 25–50% and 50–61%, respectively, compared with saline controls, with all differences being significant (p ≤ 0.003) except for movement following tail clamp (p = 0.112–0.419). This higher sugammadex dose also shortened the same significant recovery end points compared with the lower sugammadex dose (p = 0.007–0.050). At higher alfaxalone doses, female rats exhibited significantly slower recoveries than male rats.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

Sugammadex can be used to reverse anesthetic effects from alfaxalone in rats. Recovery speed from alfaxalone anesthesia is dependent on sugammadex dose and sex.

目的：探讨糖玛德（sugammadex）作为类固醇神经肌肉阻断药物的逆转剂，是否能包封神经类固醇阿法索龙并加速麻醉恢复。研究设计：前瞻性、盲法、随机、交叉研究。动物：36只雄性和雌性成年Sprague-Dawley鼠。方法：6只雄性和6只雌性成年Sprague-Dawley大鼠静脉注射3 mg kg-1阿法索龙，1分钟后分别注射0.9%生理盐水或96 mg kg-1糖糖madex，两次麻醉之间有1周的洗脱期。使用相同的实验设计对12只大鼠进行了单独的队列研究，但给药剂量为6mg kg-1。第三组为12只大鼠，采用拉丁方交叉设计，给予12 mg kg-1 alfaxone，随后给予生理盐水或糖胺酮（96 mg kg-1剂量或192 mg kg-1剂量），重复麻醉1周。生理和行为恢复反应每分钟由一个对治疗不知情的观察者进行评估。采用Šidák事后比较的重复测量方差分析（p < 0.05）。结果：与生理盐水对照组相比，3或6 mg kg-1阿法索龙麻醉诱导后，糖玛德可使恢复时间缩短40-60% （p≤0.002）。对于12 mg kg-1 alfaxalone剂量组，糖madex低剂量组和高剂量组与生理盐水对照组相比，恢复时间分别缩短了25-50%和50-61%，差异均显著（p≤0.003），但尾夹后运动差异显著（p = 0.112-0.419）。与低剂量的sugammadex相比，高剂量的sugammadex也缩短了相同的显著恢复终点（p = 0.007-0.050）。在较高剂量下，雌性大鼠的恢复速度明显慢于雄性大鼠。结论及临床意义：Sugammadex可用于逆转大鼠阿法霉素的麻醉作用。阿法索龙麻醉后的恢复速度与糖胺酮剂量和性别有关。

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引用次数: 0