在地中海灌木林中,火灾的严重程度和长期干旱不会共同降低植物再生能力,但会改变群落组成

IF 3.6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Fire Ecology Pub Date : 2024-07-24 DOI:10.1186/s42408-024-00292-w
David Salesa, M. Jaime Baeza, Victor M. Santana
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引用次数: 0

摘要

干扰-制度转变通常是气候变化的一种表现形式。在地中海生态系统中,夏季干旱时间延长和火灾频发可能是对植物恢复能力最不利的过程。然而,尽管人们通常评估的是孤立的影响,但对这两种干扰相互作用时的影响却知之甚少。本文研究了火灾严重程度增加和夏季干旱时间延长对地中海植被恢复可能产生的交互影响。我们最初的假设是,这两种干扰会相互作用,造成的恢复破坏比孤立的破坏更大。为此,我们在夏季进行了一次实验性火灾,创建了两种火灾严重程度:控制火灾严重程度(CSev)和通过增加干生物量提高火灾严重程度(IncrSev)。火灾后,我们利用降雨排除屋顶,将夏季干旱条件延长至火灾后的第一个秋季(AutExcl 处理)和火灾后的第一个春季(SprExcl)。所有处理水平组合都在五个 0.5 × 0.5 米的地块中重复进行。萌发的幼苗不受处理的影响,但火后第一年年底的长期干旱会明显影响植物的生长,尤其是肉苁蓉和亚灌木。尽管如此,我们发现火灾严重程度的增加对隔离或与干旱相结合都没有影响。尽管如此,某些处理水平的组合还是带来了植物组成的变化。这些变化主要是由处理对多年生草本植物的不利影响造成的。多年生草本植物受到了处理的影响,这表明它们可能对火灾严重程度和严重干旱的变化更为敏感。火灾严重程度的增加本身或与干旱的相互作用可能不会影响植物的恢复,因为长期干旱可能会掩盖火灾严重程度的增加对地中海播种物种的影响。然而,火灾严重程度的增加,再加上这些群落早期阶段的零星干旱事件,可能意味着群落组成会因不同功能群的敏感性而发生长期变化。不过,这些影响取决于所考虑的物种或功能群。这些发现提供了一些信息,说明如果火灾和干旱制度的趋势继续变化,地中海灌木丛生态系统可能面临的影响。
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Fire severity and prolonged drought do not interact to reduce plant regeneration capacity but alter community composition in a Mediterranean shrubland
Disturbance-regime shifts are often a manifestation related to climate change. In Mediterranean ecosystems, summer-drought lengthening and high fire-severity may be among the most detrimental processes for plant recovery capacity. However, although isolated effects have been usually assessed, the effects when both disturbances interact are less known. This paper examined the possible interactive impacts of increased fire severity and summer-drought lengthening on Mediterranean vegetation recovery. Our initial hypothesis maintained that both disturbances would interact and cause greater recovery damage than in an isolated way. For this reason, we performed an experimental fire in summer by creating two fire severity levels: control fire severity (CSev) and increased fire severity by adding dry biomass (IncrSev). Following fire, and using rainfall exclusions roofs, we extended summer drought conditions toward the first autumn after fire (AutExcl treatment) and toward the first post-fire spring (SprExcl). All the treatment-levels combinations were replicated in five 0.5 × 0.5 m plots. Emerged seedlings were not affected by treatments, but plant establishment was significantly impaired by extended droughts at the end of the first post-fire year, particularly for Cistaceae and subshrubs. Nevertheless, we found no effects of increased fire severity on either isolation or combination with drought. Notwithstanding, the combination of some treatment levels brought about changes in plant composition. These changes were driven mainly by the detrimental effects of treatments on perennial forbs. This functional group was affected by treatments, which suggests that they may be more sensitive to changes in fire severity and severe droughts. Increased fire severity might not affect plant recovery either by itself or by interacting with drought because prolonged drought may mask increased fire severity impact on Mediterranean seeding species. However, fire-severity increases, together with sporadic drought events in the early stages of these communities, could imply long-lasting changes in community composition due to distinct functional-groups sensitivities. Nevertheless, these impacts depend on the considered species or functional group. These findings provide information about the impacts that Mediterranean-shrublands ecosystems might face if the trends of fire and drought regimes continue shifting.
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来源期刊
Fire Ecology
Fire Ecology ECOLOGY-FORESTRY
CiteScore
6.20
自引率
7.80%
发文量
24
审稿时长
20 weeks
期刊介绍: Fire Ecology is the international scientific journal supported by the Association for Fire Ecology. Fire Ecology publishes peer-reviewed articles on all ecological and management aspects relating to wildland fire. We welcome submissions on topics that include a broad range of research on the ecological relationships of fire to its environment, including, but not limited to: Ecology (physical and biological fire effects, fire regimes, etc.) Social science (geography, sociology, anthropology, etc.) Fuel Fire science and modeling Planning and risk management Law and policy Fire management Inter- or cross-disciplinary fire-related topics Technology transfer products.
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