不同发育阶段和树冠高度杨树的叶片性状变异和生态适应机制

Forests Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI:10.3390/f15081283
Jie Wang, Juntuan Zhai, Jinlong Zhang, Xiao-Shuan Han, Xiaokang Ge, Jianhua Si, Jingwen Li, Zhijun Li
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引用次数: 0

摘要

植物在生长过程中和应对非生物胁迫时改变叶片性状特定组合的能力对其成功和生存至关重要。虽然关于杨树树冠内叶片性状变化的研究很多,但应用网络分析来了解这些性状在不同生长阶段的变化和组合却很少见。杨树是干旱地区的优势树种,其叶片在不同的生长阶段和树冠高度会因缺水和气候变化而表现出明显的形态变化。本研究利用叶片性状网络(LTN)分析法,研究了60株胡杨在五个发育阶段和五个树冠高度上的34个叶片性状(形态、化学、光合和水力)及其在干旱适应中的作用。目的是通过叶片性状的相互依存关系,分析不同发育阶段和树冠高度的杨树对干旱环境的适应策略。结果表明,叶片性状网络的内部协调能力随着各发育阶段的不同而先降低后升高,而叶片性状网络的功能模块则随着树木胸径的增加而松散连接并聚集在一起。随着树冠高度的增加,叶片性状之间的协调联系能力呈先增后减的趋势,与其他层的叶片性状相比,6 m 树冠层的叶片性状联系更紧密,模块化程度更低,拓扑结构更简单。叶片通过协调促进生长和抗旱的特定性状形成功能模块。叶片光合作用、水分运输和养分性状是不同发育阶段的中心性状,而叶片形态、养分代谢和抗旱相关性状则是冠层高度的中心性状。叶片形态和渗透调节性状在叶片性状网络调控中起关键作用,包括叶片长度和宽度、叶片形状指数、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质,它们是杨树叶片网络中重要的 "中间性状"。进一步的分析表明,结构性状在不同的发育阶段和树冠高度都很重要。当资源有限时,叶片优先保持结构性状之间的稳定连接,以提高光合作用,这些性状及其组合可能赋予叶片抗旱性。在快速发育阶段,化学性状之间的联系变得重要,叶片通过快速积累养分而生长。总之,本研究通过分析叶片性状网络,为研究不同发育阶段和冠层高度的欧鼠李的干旱适应策略提供了新的视角和见解。
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Leaf Trait Variations and Ecological Adaptation Mechanisms of Populus euphratica at Different Developmental Stages and Canopy Heights
The ability of plants to alter specific combinations of leaf traits during development and in response to abiotic stress is crucial for their success and survival. While there are numerous studies on the variation of leaf traits within the canopies of Populus species, the application of network analysis to understand the variation and combinations of these traits across different growth stages is rare. The leaves of Populus euphratica, a dominant species in arid regions, exhibit notable morphological variations at different developmental stages and canopy heights in response to water scarcity and climate change. In this study, 34 leaf traits (morphological, chemical, photosynthetic, and hydraulic) and their roles in drought adaptation were investigated in 60 Populus euphratica plants at five developmental stages and five canopy heights using leaf trait network (LTN) analysis. The aim was to analyze adaptive strategies to arid environments at different developmental stages and canopy heights through the interdependence of leaf traits. The results showed that the internal coordination capacity of leaf trait networks decreased and then increased with each developmental stage, while the functional modules of leaf trait networks were loosely connected and aggregated with the increase in tree diameter at breast height. With increasing canopy height, the coordination linkage’s ability between leaf traits showed an increasing then decreasing trend, and the traits of the leaves in the canopy at 6 m were more closely connected, less modular, and simpler in topology compared with those in the other layers. Leaves form functional modules by coordinating specific traits that promote growth and resist drought. Leaf photosynthesis, water transport, and nutrient traits were central to different developmental stages, whereas leaf morphology, nutrient metabolism, and drought-resistance-related traits were central to the canopy height. Leaf morphology and osmoregulatory traits play key roles in leaf trait network regulation, including leaf length and width, leaf shape index, soluble sugars, and soluble proteins, which are important “intermediary traits” in the Populus euphratica leaf network. Further analysis revealed that structural traits were important at different developmental stages and canopy heights. When resources are limited, the leaf preferentially maintains a stable connection between structural traits to enhance photosynthesis, and these traits and their combinations might confer drought resistance. During the rapid development stage, the connection between chemical traits becomes important, and the leaf grows by rapidly accumulating nutrients. In summary, this study provides new perspectives and insights into the drought adaptation strategies of P. euphratica at different developmental stages and canopy heights by analyzing leaf trait networks.
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