加勒比低洼岛屿因蒸发造成的红树林面积净损失

I. Cortés, J. Lorenzo‐Trueba, A. Rovai, R. Twilley, M. Chopping, T. Fatoyinbo
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摘要

尽管红树林提供了许多有益的生态系统服务,如蓝碳储存和海岸保护,但由于气候条件的变化,如长期干旱,红树林目前正受到威胁。在干旱条件下,蒸发量超过降水量会增加孔隙水盐度,导致红树林生长受阻和枯死。为了量化这种相互影响,我们开发了一个数据库,用于记录加勒比海低洼无人居住的红树林岛屿在不同蒸发和降水条件下的情况。我们利用遥感技术提取了每个岛屿的物理和生物信息,并将其与基于过程的模型相结合。我们利用该数据库建立了一个模型,该模型既能解释整个加勒比海植被面积的空间变化(这是蒸发率和降水量的函数),也能解释红树林岛屿的孔隙水盐度浓度和从岛屿边缘向内部的扩散。然后,我们利用这个经过验证的模型,预测了 2100 年之前不同共享社会经济路径(SSP)下与蒸发率和降水量增加相关的红树林面积损失。伯利兹、波多黎各和委内瑞拉等不太富裕的加勒比海地区受到的影响尤为严重,SSP 2.6 的红树林面积损失为 3-7%,SSP 7.0 的红树林面积损失为 13-21%。此外,在 SSP 4.5 和 7.0 情景下,生物量损失造成的碳固存损失可能会损害加勒比海低洼红树林岛屿垂直调整以适应海平面上升的能力。
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Net evaporation-induced mangrove area loss across low-lying Caribbean islands
Although mangroves provide many beneficial ecosystem services, such as blue carbon storage and coastal protection, they are currently under threat due to changes in climate conditions, such as prolonged drought exposure. Under drought conditions, evaporation exceeds precipitation increasing porewater salinity causing mangroves stunted growth and die-back. To quantify this interplay, we developed a database for low-lying and uninhabited mangrove islands in the Caribbean under various evaporation and precipitation regimes. We extracted physical and biological information from each island using remote sensing techniques and coupled it with a process-based model. We used this database to develop a model that explains both the spatial variability in vegetated area across the Caribbean – as a function of rates of evaporation and precipitation – and porewater salinity concentration and dispersion from island edge towards the interior of mangrove islands. We then used this validated model to predict mangrove area loss associated with increases in evaporation to precipitation rates by 2100 for different Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP). Less wealthy Caribbean regions such as Belize, Puerto Rico, and Venezuela are disproportionally affected, with mangrove area losses ranging from 3-7% for SSP 2.6 and 13-21% for SSP 7.0. Furthermore, foregone carbon sequestration in lost biomass under SSP 4.5 and 7.0 scenarios could compromise the ability of low-lying Caribbean mangrove islands to vertically adjust to sea level rise.
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Improvement of decadal predictions of monthly extreme Mei-yu rainfall via a causality guided approach Climate classification systems for validating Earth system models Net evaporation-induced mangrove area loss across low-lying Caribbean islands Using analogues to predict changes in future UK heatwaves Linking local climate scenarios to global warming levels: applicability, prospects and uncertainties
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