利用声学数据中的本福德定律以秒分辨率测量床面负荷运动时间

IF 2.9 3区 地球科学 Q2 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS Earth and Space Science Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI:10.1029/2023EA003416
Ci-Jian Yang, Jens M. Turowski, Qi Zhou, Ron Nativ, Hui Tang, Jui-Ming Chang, Wen-Sheng Chen
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引用次数: 0

摘要

基质迁移是一个对地球表面系统有重大影响的自然过程。量化基质迁移通量和建立早期预警系统的一个重要组成部分是确定基质运动的开始时间。使用被动声学方法(如水听器)可以对基质迁移进行高时间分辨率的监测。然而,从长期连续的声学数据中识别基质迁移起始点的有效方法仍然缺乏。本福德定律(Benford's Law)定义了数据集首位数字的概率分布,并被用于识别异常。在此,我们将本福德定律应用于台湾太鲁阁国家公园立雾溪支流白洋水文站的连续声学记录,这些记录来自自 2019 年起连续 3 年部署的固定式水听器,频率为 32 kHz。我们构建了一个工作流程来解析基质运移的声音组合,并在水文传感制约基质运移开始和衰退的背景下对其进行分析。我们在数据中识别出三个独立的声音类别,分别与卵石、水流和空气运动产生的噪声有关。我们确定了两个分别持续了 17 小时和 45 小时的基质迁移事件,约占总记录时间的 0.35%。该工作流程可用于其他不同的流域、事件或数据集。由于仪器噪声和背景噪声对第一位数残差的规则性有影响,我们建议在实施此工作流程之前,先确定背景噪声的第一位数分布并将其排除。
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Measuring Bedload Motion Time at Second Resolution Using Benford's Law on Acoustic Data

Bedload transport is a natural process that strongly affects the Earth's surface system. An important component of quantifying bedload transport flux and establishing early warning systems is the identification of the onset of bedload motion. Bedload transport can be monitored with high temporal resolution using passive acoustic methods, for example, hydrophones. Yet, an efficient method for identifying the onset of bedload transport from long-term continuous acoustic data is still lacking. Benford's Law defines a probability distribution of the first-digit of data sets and has been used to identify anomalies. Here, we apply Benford's law to continuous acoustic recordings from Baiyang hydrometric station, a tributary of Liwu River, Taroko National Park, Taiwan at the frequency of 32 kHz from stationary hydrophones deployed for 3 years since 2019. We construct a workflow to parse sound combinations of bedload transportation and analyze them in the context of hydrometric sensing constraining the onset, and recession of bedload transport. We identified three separate sound classes in the data related to the noise produced by the motion of pebbles, water flow, and air. We identify two bedload transport events that lasted 17 and 45 hr, respectively, covering about 0.35% of the total recorded time. The workflow could be transferred to other different catchments, events, or data sets. Due to the influence of instrument and background noise on the regularity of the residuals of the first-digit, we recommend identifying the first-digit distribution of the background noise and ruling it out before implementing this workflow.

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来源期刊
Earth and Space Science
Earth and Space Science Earth and Planetary Sciences-General Earth and Planetary Sciences
CiteScore
5.50
自引率
3.20%
发文量
285
审稿时长
19 weeks
期刊介绍: Marking AGU’s second new open access journal in the last 12 months, Earth and Space Science is the only journal that reflects the expansive range of science represented by AGU’s 62,000 members, including all of the Earth, planetary, and space sciences, and related fields in environmental science, geoengineering, space engineering, and biogeochemistry.
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