针对不同人群的 COVID-19 疫苗更新。

IF 8 2区 生物学 Q1 BIOLOGY Science China Life Sciences Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-29 DOI:10.1007/s11427-024-2643-1
Yijiao Huang, Weiyang Wang, Yan Liu, Zai Wang, Bin Cao
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引用次数: 0

摘要

自 2019 年 12 月以来,SARS-CoV-2 在全球范围内掀起了一波又一波的感染浪潮,并持续至今。具有强大免疫逃避能力的 SARS-CoV-2 变体的出现损害了现有疫苗对突破性感染的有效性。因此,考虑到现有疫苗的多样性,确定针对不同人群的最佳使用策略非常重要。在这篇综述中,我们将讨论疫苗在流行病不同阶段的保护效力,并强调针对流行变异株及时更新的重要性,这可以显著提高免疫保护效果。我们认识到,与普通人群相比,疫苗在某些人群中的效力可能较低,如老年人、患有慢性并发症的人(如血糖控制不佳的糖尿病患者、接受维持性透析的人)或免疫力低下的人,但接种多剂疫苗可产生强大的保护性免疫反应,从而超过潜在的风险。不过,在考虑接种可能会引起炎症复发或其他并发症的人群的强烈免疫反应的疫苗时应谨慎。总之,有特殊情况的人需要加强和更有效的免疫策略,以预防感染或再感染,并避免可能发展成长期的 COVID。
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COVID-19 vaccine updates for people under different conditions.

SARS-CoV-2 has caused global waves of infection since December 2019 and continues to persist today. The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants with strong immune evasion capabilities has compromised the effectiveness of existing vaccines against breakthrough infections. Therefore, it is important to determine the best utilization strategies for different demographic groups given the variety of vaccine options available. In this review, we will discuss the protective efficacy of vaccines during different stages of the epidemic and emphasize the importance of timely updates to target prevalent variants, which can significantly improve immune protection. While it is recognized that vaccine effectiveness may be lower in certain populations such as the elderly, individuals with chronic comorbidities (e.g., diabetes with poor blood glucose control, those on maintenance dialysis), or those who are immunocompromised compared to the general population, administering multiple doses can result in a strong protective immune response that outweighs potential risks. However, caution should be exercised when considering vaccines that might trigger an intense immune response in populations prone to inflammatory flare or other complications. In conclusion, individuals with special conditions require enhanced and more effective immunization strategies to prevent infection or reinfection, as well as to avoid the potential development of long COVID.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
15.10
自引率
8.80%
发文量
2907
审稿时长
3.2 months
期刊介绍: Science China Life Sciences is a scholarly journal co-sponsored by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Natural Science Foundation of China, and it is published by Science China Press. The journal is dedicated to publishing high-quality, original research findings in both basic and applied life science research.
期刊最新文献
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