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Exaptation of pectoral fins for olfaction in the spiny red gurnard (Chelidonichthys spinosus) through an ancient receptor. 刺红鳕胸鳍通过一种古老的受体产生嗅觉。
IF 8 2区 生物学 Q1 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-024-2746-7
Lisen Li, Deqian Fan, Chenglong Zhu, Zhuoya Liu, Wenji Huang, Peidong Xin, Huishan Yue, Mengying Li, Yufei Wang, Wenjie Xu, Jiangmin Zheng, Ye Li, Ziwei Yu, Jianzhong Ling, Qiang Qiu, Wen Wang, Chenguang Feng, Xiaojing Song, Kun Wang
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引用次数: 0
Genomic analysis of modern maize inbred lines reveals diversity and selective breeding effects. 现代玉米近交系的基因组分析揭示了多样性和选择性育种效应。
IF 8 2区 生物学 Q1 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-024-2725-1
Kaijian Fan, Mohsin Ali, Kunhui He, Yingwei Feng, Tingxi Yu, Hao Zhang, Tai An, Weiwei Zeng, Junjie Fu, Ying Zhou, Yanfang Heng, Fei Gu, Jiankang Wang, Changling Huang, Liang Li, Huihui Li
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引用次数: 0
Genome editing technology and medical applications. 基因组编辑技术和医疗应用。
IF 8 2区 生物学 Q1 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-024-2773-3
Liren Wang, Bin Zhou, Dali Li
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引用次数: 0
Dual activation of soybean resistance against Phytophthora sojae by pectin lyase and degraded pectin oligosaccharides. 果胶裂解酶和降解果胶低聚糖双重激活大豆抗Phytophthora sojae的能力。
IF 8 2区 生物学 Q1 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-024-2724-5
Guangzheng Sun, Yeqiang Xia, Kuikui Li, Qinsheng Zhu, Feifei Ding, Hui Gu, Zhichao Zhang, Xinrui Li, Xuan Mi, Jun Chen, Ruoting Yao, Sicong Zhang, Haibing Ouyang, Xi Chen, Tengfei Liu, Haibin Jiang, Yao Zhao, Min Qiu, Wenwu Ye, Kaixuan Duan, Zhenchuan Ma, Suomeng Dong, Heng Yin, Yan Wang, Yuanchao Wang

Phytophthora pathogens secrete numerous apoplastic effectors to manipulate host immunity. Herein, we identified a polysaccharide lyase 1 protein, PsPL1, which acts as an essential virulence factor of P. sojae infection in soybean. However, the overexpression of PsPL1 in P. sojae reduced infection and triggered enhanced immune responses in soybean. PsPL1 exhibited pectin lyase activity and degraded plant pectin to generate pectin oligosaccharides (POSs) with a polymerization degree of 3-14, exhibiting different levels of acetylation and methylation modifications. PsPL1 and the degraded pectin products triggered immune responses in soybean and different Solanaceous plants. The PsPL1-triggered immune responses required RSPL1, a membrane-localized leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein, which is essential for Phytophthora resistance. Conversely, the PsPL1-degraded product-triggered immune responses depended on the membrane-localized lysin motif receptor-like kinase CERK1. This study reveals that the pectin lyase exhibits a dual immunogenic role during P. sojae infection, which activates plant resistance through different immune receptors and provides novel insights into the function of pectin lyase in host-pathogen interactions.

疫霉病原体会分泌大量凋亡效应因子来操纵宿主免疫。在本文中,我们发现了一种多糖裂解酶 1 蛋白,即 PsPL1,它是 P. sojae 感染大豆的重要毒力因子。然而,过量表达 PsPL1 能降低大豆对 P. sojae 的感染并增强免疫反应。PsPL1 具有果胶裂解酶活性,能降解植物果胶,生成聚合度为 3-14 的果胶寡糖(POSs),并表现出不同程度的乙酰化和甲基化修饰。PsPL1 和降解的果胶产物引发了大豆和不同茄科植物的免疫反应。PsPL1 触发的免疫反应需要 RSPL1,RSPL1 是一种膜定位的富亮氨酸重复受体样蛋白,对植物抗病性至关重要。相反,PsPL1 降解产物触发的免疫反应则依赖于膜定位的赖氨酸基序受体样激酶 CERK1。这项研究揭示了果胶裂解酶在P. sojae感染过程中表现出的双重免疫原性作用,它通过不同的免疫受体激活植物的抗性,并为果胶裂解酶在宿主-病原体相互作用中的功能提供了新的见解。
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引用次数: 0
Selenium metabolism and selenoproteins function in brain and encephalopathy. 硒在大脑和脑病中的代谢和硒蛋白功能。
IF 8 2区 生物学 Q1 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-023-2621-7
Nan Li, Zhonghao Zhang, Liming Shen, Guoli Song, Jing Tian, Qiong Liu, Jiazuan Ni

Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element of the utmost importance to human health. Its deficiency induces various disorders. Se species can be absorbed by organisms and metabolized to hydrogen selenide for the biosynthesis of selenoproteins, selenonucleic acids, or selenosugars. Se in mammals mainly acts as selenoproteins to exert their biological functions. The brain ranks highest in the specific hierarchy of organs to maintain the level of Se and the expression of selenoproteins under the circumstances of Se deficiency. Dyshomeostasis of Se and dysregulation of selenoproteins result in encephalopathy such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, depression, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and multiple sclerosis. This review provides a summary and discussion of Se metabolism, selenoprotein function, and their roles in modulating brain diseases based on the most currently published literature. It focuses on how Se is utilized and transported to the brain, how selenoproteins are biosynthesized and function physiologically in the brain, and how selenoproteins are involved in neurodegenerative diseases. At the end of this review, the perspectives and problems are outlined regarding Se and selenoproteins in the regulation of encephalopathy.

硒(Se)是一种对人体健康极为重要的必需微量元素。缺乏硒会诱发各种疾病。硒可被生物体吸收并代谢成硒化氢,用于硒蛋白、硒核酸或硒糖的生物合成。哺乳动物体内的硒主要以硒蛋白的形式发挥其生物功能。在缺乏 Se 的情况下,脑是维持 Se 水平和硒蛋白表达的最高级别器官。Se 的失衡和硒蛋白的失调会导致脑病,如阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、抑郁症、肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症和多发性硬化症。本综述以目前发表的最新文献为基础,总结和讨论了硒的代谢、硒蛋白的功能及其在调节脑部疾病中的作用。综述的重点是:硒如何被利用和运输到大脑、硒蛋白如何在大脑中生物合成和发挥生理功能,以及硒蛋白如何参与神经退行性疾病。综述最后概述了硒和硒蛋白在调节脑病方面的前景和问题。
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引用次数: 0
rAAV-CRISPR/Cas9-mediated in vivo delivery of porcine embryos to construct knockout pigs. rAAV-CRISPR/Cas9 介导的猪胚胎体内传递,构建基因敲除猪。
IF 8 2区 生物学 Q1 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-11 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-024-2749-8
Mengyu Gao, YuTing He, XingLong Zhu, WanLiu Peng, Xinmei Liu, Yanyan Zhou, Yang Deng, Qin Liu, Guangneng Liao, Yi Li, Wei Ni, Guang Yang, Jiayin Yang, Yang Yang, Lang Bai, Hong Bu, Ji Bao
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引用次数: 0
Research landmarks on the 60th anniversary of Epstein-Barr virus. Epstein-Barr 病毒 60 周年研究里程碑。
IF 8 2区 生物学 Q1 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-024-2766-0
Lan-Yi Zhong, Chu Xie, Le-Le Zhang, Yan-Lin Yang, Yuan-Tao Liu, Ge-Xin Zhao, Guo-Long Bu, Xian-Shu Tian, Zi-Ying Jiang, Bo-Yu Yuan, Peng-Lin Li, Pei-Huang Wu, Wei-Hua Jia, Christian Münz, Benjamin E Gewurz, Qian Zhong, Cong Sun, Mu-Sheng Zeng

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), the first human oncovirus discovered in 1964, has become a focal point in virology, immunology, and oncology because of its unique biological characteristics and significant role in human diseases. As we commemorate the 60th anniversary of EBV's discovery, it is an opportune moment to reflect on the major advancements in our understanding of this complex virus. In this review, we highlight key milestones in EBV research, including its virion structure and life cycle, interactions with the host immune system, association with EBV-associated diseases, and targeted intervention strategies.

Epstein-Barr 病毒(EBV)是 1964 年发现的第一种人类肿瘤病毒,由于其独特的生物学特性和在人类疾病中的重要作用,它已成为病毒学、免疫学和肿瘤学的焦点。在我们纪念 EBV 发现 60 周年之际,正是反思我们对这种复杂病毒的认识所取得的重大进展的好时机。在这篇综述中,我们将重点介绍 EBV 研究的重要里程碑,包括其病毒结构和生命周期、与宿主免疫系统的相互作用、与 EBV 相关疾病的关联以及有针对性的干预策略。
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引用次数: 0
COVID-19 vaccine updates for people under different conditions. 针对不同人群的 COVID-19 疫苗更新。
IF 8 2区 生物学 Q1 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-29 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-024-2643-1
Yijiao Huang, Weiyang Wang, Yan Liu, Zai Wang, Bin Cao

SARS-CoV-2 has caused global waves of infection since December 2019 and continues to persist today. The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants with strong immune evasion capabilities has compromised the effectiveness of existing vaccines against breakthrough infections. Therefore, it is important to determine the best utilization strategies for different demographic groups given the variety of vaccine options available. In this review, we will discuss the protective efficacy of vaccines during different stages of the epidemic and emphasize the importance of timely updates to target prevalent variants, which can significantly improve immune protection. While it is recognized that vaccine effectiveness may be lower in certain populations such as the elderly, individuals with chronic comorbidities (e.g., diabetes with poor blood glucose control, those on maintenance dialysis), or those who are immunocompromised compared to the general population, administering multiple doses can result in a strong protective immune response that outweighs potential risks. However, caution should be exercised when considering vaccines that might trigger an intense immune response in populations prone to inflammatory flare or other complications. In conclusion, individuals with special conditions require enhanced and more effective immunization strategies to prevent infection or reinfection, as well as to avoid the potential development of long COVID.

自 2019 年 12 月以来,SARS-CoV-2 在全球范围内掀起了一波又一波的感染浪潮,并持续至今。具有强大免疫逃避能力的 SARS-CoV-2 变体的出现损害了现有疫苗对突破性感染的有效性。因此,考虑到现有疫苗的多样性,确定针对不同人群的最佳使用策略非常重要。在这篇综述中,我们将讨论疫苗在流行病不同阶段的保护效力,并强调针对流行变异株及时更新的重要性,这可以显著提高免疫保护效果。我们认识到,与普通人群相比,疫苗在某些人群中的效力可能较低,如老年人、患有慢性并发症的人(如血糖控制不佳的糖尿病患者、接受维持性透析的人)或免疫力低下的人,但接种多剂疫苗可产生强大的保护性免疫反应,从而超过潜在的风险。不过,在考虑接种可能会引起炎症复发或其他并发症的人群的强烈免疫反应的疫苗时应谨慎。总之,有特殊情况的人需要加强和更有效的免疫策略,以预防感染或再感染,并避免可能发展成长期的 COVID。
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引用次数: 0
A CRISPR/RfxCas13d-mediated strategy for efficient RNA knockdown in mouse embryonic development. CRISPR/RfxCas13d 介导的小鼠胚胎发育中高效 RNA 敲除策略。
IF 8 2区 生物学 Q1 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-02 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-023-2572-6
Lin Zhang, Shi-Meng Cao, Hao Wu, Meng Yan, Jinsong Li, Ling-Ling Chen

The growing variety of RNA classes, such as mRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs, plays pivotal roles in both developmental processes and various pathophysiological conditions. Nonetheless, our comprehension of RNA functions in live organisms remains limited due to the absence of durable and effective strategies for directly influencing RNA levels. In this study, we combined the CRISPR-RfxCas13d system with sperm-like stem cell-mediated semi-cloning techniques, which enabled the suppressed expression of different RNA species. This approach was employed to interfere with the expression of three types of RNA molecules: Sfmbt2 mRNA, Fendrr lncRNA, and circMan1a2(2,3,4,5,6). The results confirmed the critical roles of these RNAs in embryonic development, as their loss led to observable phenotypes, including embryonic lethality, delayed embryonic development, and embryo resorption. In summary, our methodology offers a potent toolkit for silencing specific RNA targets in living organisms without introducing genetic alterations.

越来越多的 RNA 种类,如 mRNA、lncRNA 和 circRNA,在发育过程和各种病理生理状况中发挥着关键作用。然而,由于缺乏直接影响 RNA 水平的持久有效的策略,我们对 RNA 在活生物体中功能的理解仍然有限。在这项研究中,我们将 CRISPR-RfxCas13d 系统与类精干细胞介导的半克隆技术结合起来,从而抑制了不同 RNA 种类的表达。我们采用这种方法干扰了三种 RNA 分子的表达:Sfmbt2 mRNA、Fendrr lncRNA 和 circMan1a2(2,3,4,5,6)。结果证实了这些 RNA 在胚胎发育中的关键作用,因为它们的缺失会导致可观察到的表型,包括胚胎致死、胚胎发育延迟和胚胎吸收。总之,我们的方法为沉默生物体中的特定 RNA 靶标提供了一个有效的工具包,而无需引入基因改变。
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引用次数: 0
Versatile and efficient mammalian genome editing with Type I-C CRISPR System of Desulfovibrio vulgaris. 利用普通脱硫弧菌的 I-C 型 CRISPR 系统进行多功能、高效的哺乳动物基因组编辑。
IF 8 2区 生物学 Q1 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-07 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-023-2682-5
Pan Li, Dingcai Dong, Fei Gao, Yuyang Xie, Honglin Huang, Siwei Sun, Zhao Ma, Cheng He, Jinsheng Lai, Xuguang Du, Sen Wu

CRISPR-Cas tools for mammalian genome editing typically rely on single Cas9 or Cas12a proteins. While type I CRISPR systems in Class I may offer greater specificity and versatility, they are not well-developed for genome editing. Here, we present an alternative type I-C CRISPR system from Desulfovibrio vulgaris (Dvu) for efficient and precise genome editing in mammalian cells and animals. We optimized the Dvu type I-C editing complex to generate precise deletions at multiple loci in various cell lines and pig primary fibroblast cells using a paired PAM-in crRNA strategy. These edited pig cells can serve as donors for generating transgenic cloned piglets. The Dvu type I-C editor also enabled precise large fragment replacements with homology-directed repair. Additionally, we adapted the Dvu-Cascade effector for cytosine and adenine base editing, developing Dvu-CBE and Dvu-ABE systems. These systems efficiently induced C-to-T and A-to-G substitutions in human genes without double-strand breaks. Off-target analysis confirmed the high specificity of the Dvu type I-C editor. Our findings demonstrate the Dvu type I-C editor's potential for diverse mammalian genome editing applications, including deletions, fragment replacement, and base editing, with high efficiency and specificity for biomedicine and agriculture.

用于哺乳动物基因组编辑的 CRISPR-Cas 工具通常依赖单个 Cas9 或 Cas12a 蛋白。虽然I类CRISPR系统可能具有更高的特异性和多功能性,但它们在基因组编辑方面并不发达。在这里,我们介绍了一种来自Desulfovibrio vulgaris(Dvu)的I-C型CRISPR系统,用于在哺乳动物细胞和动物中进行高效、精确的基因组编辑。我们对 Dvu I-C 型编辑复合物进行了优化,利用成对的 PAM-in crRNA 策略在各种细胞系和猪原代成纤维细胞中生成多个位点的精确缺失。这些经过编辑的猪细胞可作为供体,用于产生转基因克隆仔猪。Dvu I-C 型编辑器还能通过同源定向修复实现大片段的精确替换。此外,我们还将 Dvu 级联效应器用于胞嘧啶和腺嘌呤碱基编辑,开发出了 Dvu-CBE 和 Dvu-ABE 系统。这些系统能有效地诱导人类基因中的 C 到 T 和 A 到 G 的置换,而不会发生双链断裂。脱靶分析证实了 Dvu I-C 型编辑器的高度特异性。我们的研究结果表明,Dvu I-C 型编辑器可用于多种哺乳动物基因组编辑应用,包括缺失、片段置换和碱基编辑,在生物医学和农业领域具有高效率和特异性。
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引用次数: 0
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Science China Life Sciences
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