在无电池转发器和移动电话之间实现 1.8 伏散射

IF 2.3 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC IEEE journal of radio frequency identification Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI:10.1109/JRFID.2024.3428359
Roman Willi;Lars Kamm;Paul Zbinden;Matthias Schütz
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引用次数: 0

摘要

这项工作涉及一种无电池转发器的先进实现方法,该转发器由 2.4 GHz ISM 波段中有意产生的无线信号操作。无线信号由供电数据流和准连续蓝牙射频(无线电频率)信号组成,使应答器能够将射频信号反向散射到接收器。我们的装置使用两部未改装的普通移动电话,一部用于发射信号,另一部用于接收散射信号。转发器根据子载波和预定的 1 Mbit/s 比特流对准连续射频信号进行调制。本扩展研究进一步比较了先进的实施技术:微控制器单元(MCU)、现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)、复杂可编程逻辑器件(CPLD)和专用集成电路(ASIC),并实现了 CPLD 测试版本。实验结果表明,与 MCU 或 FPGA 实现相比,我们的 CPLD 更为合适。论文进一步展示了从完全同步到低功耗异步 CPLD 实现的过渡。生成比特流的实测功耗为 $\mathrm {87\,\mu W}$,与我们之前的工作相比降低了 6 倍。因此,异步 CPLD 实现将总效率提高了 40%,预计这将显著延长无电池转发器的无线工作范围。因此,CPLD 技术可以实现快速、灵活和经济高效的实施,特别是在研发领域。
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Implementations for Scattering at 1.8 Volt Between Battery-Less Transponder and Mobile Telephones
This work concerns advanced implementations of a battery-less transponder operated by intentionally generated wireless signals in the 2.4 GHz ISM band. The wireless signals consist of a power supplying data stream and of a quasi-continuous Bluetooth RF (radio frequency) signal, which enables the transponder to back-scatter the RF signal to a receiver. Our setup uses two regular, unmodified mobile telephones, one for transmitting the signals, the other for receiving the scattered signals. The transponder modulates the quasi-continuous RF signal according to a subcarrier and a predetermined 1 Mbit/s bit-stream. The present extended study further compares advanced implementation techniques: Micro Controller Unit (MCU), FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), CPLD (Complex Programmable Logic Device) and ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) and implements a CPLD test version. Experimental results suggest that our CPLD is more suitable than MCU or FPGA implementations. The paper further demonstrates the transition from a fully synchronous to a low-power asynchronous CPLD implementation. The measured power consumption for generating the bit-stream is $\mathrm {87\,\mu W}$ , which results in a 6-fold reduction compared to our previous work. Accordingly, the asynchronous CPLD implementation increases total efficiency by 40% and it is expected that this will significantly extend the wireless operational range of the battery-less transponder. Thus, the CPLD technology enables fast, flexible, and cost-effective implementation, particularly in the field of research and development.
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