儿科插管首选视频喉镜检查

IF 7.5 1区 医学 Q1 ANESTHESIOLOGY Anaesthesia Pub Date : 2024-08-13 DOI:10.1111/anae.16419
Fu-Shan Xue, Dan-Feng Wang, Xiao-Chun Zheng
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引用次数: 0

摘要

Sasu 等人对 809 名儿童的 904 次气管插管进行了研究,结果显示,使用 C-MAC® 视频喉镜(德国图特林根 Karl Storz 公司)可将声门视野不佳的发生率从 13% 降至 4%[1]。他们还发现改良的六级 Cormack 和 Lehane 系统对预测视频喉镜气管插管的难易程度无效。本研究的主要结果被定义为声带仅可见或不可见。成人和儿科患者在进行视频喉镜检查时,在修改后的 Cormack 和 Lehane 分级 2b、2c 和 3 中,声门视野受限通常是由于会厌肥大和会厌运动受阻造成的。这些问题可以通过正确的头部定位、增加提升力、直接提升会厌或喉外操作来解决 [2-4]。然而,研究结果并没有说明是否应用了这些技术来增强声门视野,因此我们无法确定所观察到的声门视野等级是否代表了两种喉镜检查模式下的最佳结果,尤其是直接喉镜检查,因为直接喉镜检查需要对准三个气道轴以获得正确的视野。视频喉镜气管插管困难被记录为根据视频喉镜插管和困难气道分级(VIDIAC)对预计有困难气道的成人患者进行的困难气道警报。Kohse 等人使用 VIDIAC 评分将困难程度分为四级[2],但不清楚本研究中是否将表示困难气道概率为 50% 的 1 分视为困难。尽管 VIDIAC 评分是次要结果,但并未报告其结果,也未分析其在区分儿科患者视频喉镜气管插管难易程度方面的有效性,尽管大多数患者气道正常。首次尝试气管插管的总体成功率为 67%,明显低于之前一项研究的 86.8%,该研究的重点是使用配备标准刀片的视频喉镜进行选择性气道管理的儿童[5]。同样,1 岁以下儿童首次尝试气管插管的成功率(48%)也远低于最近一项使用 C-MAC 视频喉镜对新生儿进行紧急气管插管的试验中的成功率(74%)[6]。根据我们自己的经验和现有的研究[7],气管插管针有助于将气管导管尖端引向声门,并提高使用 C-MAC 视频喉镜进行气管插管的效果,即使能清楚地看到儿童的声带也是如此。因此,我们想知道是否在所有病例中都使用了气管套管。
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First-choice videolaryngoscopy for paediatric tracheal intubation

In a study of 904 tracheal intubations in 809 children, Sasu et al. showed that using a C-MAC® videolaryngoscope (Karl Storz, Tuttlingen, Germany) reduced the incidence of poor glottic views from 13% to 4% [1]. They also found the modified six-grade Cormack and Lehane system ineffective for predicting the ease of videolaryngoscopic tracheal intubation. The primary outcome of this study was defined as vocal cords only just or not visible. Restricted glottic views in the modified Cormack and Lehane classifications 2b, 2c and 3 during videolaryngoscopy in adult and paediatric patients are typically due to an enlarged epiglottis and impaired epiglottic movement. Such issues can be resolved by correct head positioning, increased lifting force, directly lifting the epiglottis or external laryngeal manipulation [2-4]. However, the results do not specify whether these techniques were applied to enhance the view of the glottis, leaving us unsure if the observed glottic view grades represent the best possible outcome using both modes of laryngoscopy, particularly direct laryngoscopy that requires aligning the three airway axes for proper visualisation.

Difficult videolaryngoscopic tracheal intubation was documented as a difficult airway alert based on the videolaryngoscopic intubation and difficult airway classification (VIDIAC) score in adult patients with anticipated difficult airways. Kohse et al. classified difficulty into four levels using VIDIAC scores [2], but it is unclear whether a score of 1, which indicates a 50% probability of a difficult airway, was counted as difficult in this study. Although the VIDIAC score was a secondary outcome, its results were not reported, nor was its effectiveness in differentiating easy from difficult videolaryngoscopic tracheal intubations in paediatric patients analysed, despite most having normal airways. Clarifying these aspects could strengthen the conclusions.

The overall first attempt tracheal intubation success rate is significantly lower at 67% compared with a rate of 86.8% in a previous study, which focused on children undergoing elective airway management using videolaryngoscopes with standard blades [5]. Similarly, the success rate for first attempt tracheal intubation in children aged ≤ 1 y (48%) is much lower than the rate in a recent trial studying urgent tracheal intubations in newborns using C-MAC videolaryngoscopy (74%) [6]. Based on our own experience and existing studies [7], a stylet aids in directing the tracheal tube tip to the glottis and enhances tracheal intubation performance with the C-MAC videolaryngoscopy, even when there is a clear view of a child's vocal cords. Hence, we would like to know if a stylet was used in all cases.

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来源期刊
Anaesthesia
Anaesthesia 医学-麻醉学
CiteScore
21.20
自引率
9.30%
发文量
300
审稿时长
6 months
期刊介绍: The official journal of the Association of Anaesthetists is Anaesthesia. It is a comprehensive international publication that covers a wide range of topics. The journal focuses on general and regional anaesthesia, as well as intensive care and pain therapy. It includes original articles that have undergone peer review, covering all aspects of these fields, including research on equipment.
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