Advances of W-based catalysts from material to electrocatalysis

Electrocatalysis technology plays a significant role in promoting efficient energy conversion, where the performance of the catalyst directly determines the efficiency and feasibility of the electrochemical reactions. Among the many studied catalytic materials, tungsten-based catalysts have attracted widespread attention due to their tunable oxidation states and complex chemical states, making significant progress, especially in energy conversion-related electrocatalytic reactions. Herein, we reviewed the progress in the application of tungsten-based electrocatalysts in key energy conversion processes relevant to the hydrogen, oxygen or nitrogen catalysis reactions. The preparation of tungsten-based catalysts and their advantages and disadvantages was first presented, and then the application of tungsten-based catalytic materials in the field of electrocatalysis was shown based on the classified topics. For each electrochemical process, the basic principles are briefly discussed, and the latest progress in the design, preparation, and application of tungsten-based electrocatalysts is summarized. Finally, the challenges and prospects of developing tungsten-based materials are proposed, aiming to provide theoretical and technical guidance for the innovative design and application development of tungsten-based catalytic materials and to promote technological progress in the field of energy conversion.