Technological advancements and sustainable practices in rock slope stability – Critical review

Rock slope stability assessment is a vital component of geotechnical engineering, with significant implications for sustainability and environmental management. This review evaluates methodologies and tools used in large-scale rock modeling, analyzing their effectiveness and limitations. By examining recent advancements and commonly used software, the study aims to identify research gaps and enhance current practices. It emphasizes the connection between rock slope stability and sustainable development goals (SDGs), water resource management and climate action. The review critically assesses how existing methodologies integrate sustainability considerations, revealing both strengths and shortcomings in current approaches. It identifies a substantial research gap: the need for more holistic assessment frameworks that balance engineering requirements with ecological and societal impacts. The study also highlights opportunities for innovation in rock slope modeling techniques, particularly in incorporating climate change projections and ecosystem dynamics. By synthesizing findings from diverse case studies, the review offers valuable insights for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers aiming to improve the sustainable slope management. The critical evaluation serves as a foundation for future research directions, stressing the importance of interdisciplinary approaches in addressing complex geotechnical challenges. Ultimately, this review aims to catalyze the development of more sustainable and resilient rock slope assessment methodologies, contributing to the broader goal of harmonizing engineering interventions with environmental stewardship and societal well-being.