神经元成熟与轴突再生:解除电路固定以实现修复

IF 28.7 1区 医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-08-20 DOI:10.1038/s41583-024-00849-3
Brett J. Hilton, Jarred M. Griffin, James W. Fawcett, Frank Bradke
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引用次数: 0

摘要

哺乳动物的神经元在胚胎或出生后早期发育成熟时,会失去再生中枢神经系统轴突的能力。神经元的成熟需要从神经元成分生长和组装的状态转变为这些成分固定并参与有效信息传输和计算机制的状态。为了在受伤后再生,神经元需要克服这种固定状态,重新激活其生长程序。事实证明,涉及启动或维持神经元成熟的各种细胞内过程,包括基因表达调控、细胞骨架重组和细胞内贩运转移,都会阻碍轴突再生。了解这些过程将有助于确定促进损伤或疾病后修复的目标。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

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Neuronal maturation and axon regeneration: unfixing circuitry to enable repair
Mammalian neurons lose the ability to regenerate their central nervous system axons as they mature during embryonic or early postnatal development. Neuronal maturation requires a transformation from a situation in which neuronal components grow and assemble to one in which these components are fixed and involved in the machinery for effective information transmission and computation. To regenerate after injury, neurons need to overcome this fixed state to reactivate their growth programme. A variety of intracellular processes involved in initiating or sustaining neuronal maturation, including the regulation of gene expression, cytoskeletal restructuring and shifts in intracellular trafficking, have been shown to prevent axon regeneration. Understanding these processes will contribute to the identification of targets to promote repair after injury or disease. During their maturation, mammalian neurons lose the capacity to regrow their axons after an injury. Here, Hilton et al. explore the neuron maturation processes that limit axon regeneration, including changes in gene expression, cytoskeletal dynamics, and intracellular signalling and trafficking.
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期刊介绍: Nature Reviews Neuroscience is a multidisciplinary journal that covers various fields within neuroscience, aiming to offer a comprehensive understanding of the structure and function of the central nervous system. Advances in molecular, developmental, and cognitive neuroscience, facilitated by powerful experimental techniques and theoretical approaches, have made enduring neurobiological questions more accessible. Nature Reviews Neuroscience serves as a reliable and accessible resource, addressing the breadth and depth of modern neuroscience. It acts as an authoritative and engaging reference for scientists interested in all aspects of neuroscience.
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